(a) any threat or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of the coastal State, or in any other manner in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations;
(b) any exercise or practice with weapons of any kind;
(c) any act aimed at collecting information to the prejudice of the defence or security of the coastal State;
(d) any act of propaganda aimed at affecting the defence or security of the coastal State;
(e) the launching, landing or taking on board of any aircraft;
(f) the launching, landing or taking on board of any military device;
(g) the loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State;
(h) any act of wilful and serious pollution contrary to this Convention;
(i) any fishing activities;
(j) the carrying out of research or survey activities;
(k) any act aimed at interfering with any systems of communication or any other facilities or installations of the coastal State;
(l) any other activity not having a direct bearing on passage.
the USA and USSR, issued in 1989 a Joint Statement on the Uniform Interpretation of Rules of International Law Governing Innocent Passage, which provided as follows:
“All ships, including warships, regardless of cargo, armament, or means of propulsion enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea in accordance with international law, for which neither prior notification nor authorization is required.”
領海的無害通過也是有一些程序必須遵守吧？如武器指向之類。
回覆刪除
刪除應該有些細節：
武器指向，可能是一個。
燈火通明，可能是一個。
潛艦浮出，可能是一個。
不可暫停，可能是一個。（公海上，當然，隨時暫停無所謂）
明碼（公用頻道）通知或回答，說不定是一個。
細節，操作層級（包括艦長）最清楚。
總之，若是單純路過，不得顯示敵意。
假使美艦，以一般狀態（非領海無害通過所必要的狀態）通過，並踩在領海與公海的灰色規定上，那就是政治。
DC與北京，各取所需。
此時，外交系統忙翻天。
所以，才會說，停俥釣魚等，才是見真章。
領海的無害通過的禁止項目：
刪除(a) any threat or use of force against the sovereignty, territorial integrity or political independence of the coastal State, or in any other manner in violation of the principles of international law embodied in the Charter of the United Nations;
(b) any exercise or practice with weapons of any kind;
(c) any act aimed at collecting information to the prejudice of the defence or security of the coastal State;
(d) any act of propaganda aimed at affecting the defence or security of the coastal State;
(e) the launching, landing or taking on board of any aircraft;
(f) the launching, landing or taking on board of any military device;
(g) the loading or unloading of any commodity, currency or person contrary to the customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations of the coastal State;
(h) any act of wilful and serious pollution contrary to this Convention;
(i) any fishing activities;
(j) the carrying out of research or survey activities;
(k) any act aimed at interfering with any systems of communication or any other facilities or installations of the coastal State;
(l) any other activity not having a direct bearing on passage.
刪除the USA and USSR, issued in 1989 a Joint Statement on the Uniform Interpretation of Rules of International Law Governing Innocent Passage, which provided as follows:
“All ships, including warships, regardless of cargo, armament, or means of propulsion enjoy the right of innocent passage through the territorial sea in accordance with international law, for which neither prior notification nor authorization is required.”
還要加上 UNCLOS s18:
回覆刪除.... 2. Passage shall be continuous and expeditious. .....
之前上海洋法課老師'強調
基本原則是"連續不斷 快速通過"
具體做法包括 武器上砲衣 等
多謝補充
刪除