逐漸現身的正牌台灣管理當局 雲程

 自由20191111

逐漸現身的正牌台灣管理當局    雲程

The United States: the True Taiwan Governing Authorities  HoonTing

中國崛起後，美國政府已經確認共產中國的文化信仰與普世價值迥異，且無意改變。我們除見到美國在貿易、金融與科技等領域與中國對峙外，美國政府也迅速調整對台灣政策，這已經成為不可逆轉的趨勢。

Two decades after the rise of China, the Government of the U.S. has confirmed that Beijing has different values and beliefs compared to the world.  The critical part is that Beijing has no intention to change its present stance.

從2016年起，美國國會通過或正在提案一系列友台法案，如〈台灣旅行法〉、〈亞洲再保證倡議法〉、〈台灣安全法案〉、〈台北法案〉、〈國防授權法案〉、〈台灣國防評估委員會法案〉、〈台灣國際參與法案〉等。論者有謂：此舉在補強與具體化〈台灣關係法〉的不足，並提供行政部門採行進一步積極作為的法律授權空間。

The U.S. is not only confronting China in trade, finance, high tech realms, but also adjusting traditional policy toward Taiwan.  And now the policy shift is beyond a point of no return.

The U.S. Congress has passed or proposed serial acts to support Taiwan since 2016.  They are Taiwan Travel Act, Asia Reassurance Initiative Act, Taiwan Security Act, Taipei Act, National Defence Authorization Act, Taiwan National Defence Assessment Committee Act, Taiwan National Involvement Act, etc.

Observers concluded that these moves intended to strengthen the Taiwan Relations Act and to authorize the administration departments to support Taiwan further.

君不見，台灣軍方高層參與兩棲作戰領導會議，部隊結盟；君不見，總長受邀美國太平洋司令與艦隊司令交接，更可著軍服參與美軍培訓活動；君不見，美方甚至主動把官方會面消息放在社群網站。

Now Taiwan servicemen can join the programs and exercises hosted by the U.S. military with uniforms; some troops of Taiwan concluded closed relations with their counterparts of the U.S.; Taiwan's chairman of the Joint Chief of Staffs attended the shift of commander of the USPACOM and the Pacific Fleet.  The U.S. government even disclosed related news with photos in social media actively.

值得觀察的是，美國一改2009年起口惠式的「鼓勵台灣」有意義參與國際社會；2016後，轉為「實質帶領」台灣參與。具體行為包括：2018年的中南美3國與台灣斷交美國召回中美洲三國大使，再取消安全會議；2019年蔡總統出席帛琉國宴，美國駐帛琉大使到場、美大使會索羅門總理 稱台灣是索國絕佳夥伴、彭斯聯合國大會原訂見索羅門總理（後取消）、駐紐約辦事處長徐儷文受邀為美國團成員踏進聯合國等。最新的是，AIT搭橋，貿協率企業主在曼谷會美國務院與商務部高官。這不僅是行政面而已，它暗示著：台灣當局的外交空間由美國負最終責任。

The U.S. has shifted her policy moves since 2018: from previous lip-service-like claiming to encourage Taiwan's "meaningful participation" of the international organizations while statehood is not required," to present "accompanying Taiwan representatives" to attend the international organization and meetings as a member of the U.S. delegation."

The moves implied the fact that Taiwan's foreign affairs are the responsibility of the U.S.

這並非例外。1934年美國〈菲律賓獨立法〉就規定，菲律賓在自治國階段，公民與公職人員要效忠美國權威，且「外交事務應在美國直接指揮與管制之下進行」（2.a.10節）。再以1986年〈美國與帛琉自由結盟協定〉為例：美國政府「承認帛琉政府，得以其本身的名稱和權利與地區和國際組織簽訂條約和其他國際協議行使此一能力」（121節）；「應在雙方同意下支持帛琉政府申請為區域或國際組織成員資格，或其他參與方式」（122節）；「在外交事務上得協助或代表帛琉政府採取行動」（127節）。至於國安與國防關係，就不再細述。

It is not exceptional.  The Philippines has a similar experience.

The Philippines Independence Act is also known as the Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 in which "All citizens of the Philippine Islands shall owe allegiance to the United States," (Section 2.(a)(1)) and "Every officer of the government of the Commonwealth of the Philippine Islands shall recognize and accepts the supreme authority of and will maintain true faith and allegiance to the United States."(Section 2.(a)(2)) during ten-year of the Commonwealth.  It further stipulated: "Foreign affairs shall be under the direct supervision and control of the United States."(2.(a).(10)).

There are similar arrangements in the Palau-U.S. Freely Association Compact of 1986, such as "The United States recognizes that the Government of Palau, in the exercise of this capacity, may enter into, in its own name and right, treaties and other international agreements with governments and regional and international organizations."(Section 121);  "The Government of the United States shall support application by the Government of Palau for membership or other participation in regional or international organizations as may be mutually agreed."(Section 122);  "The Government of the United States may assist or act on behalf of the Government of Palau in the area of foreign affairs as may be requested and mutually agreed from time to time."(Section 127).

這就是作為管理當局（administering authority）的條約義務。在美國對中政策進行大轉換時，我們已見到美國政府不再被動隱身，未來定有更具體的積極作為。

These signify the treaty obligations of the administering authorities.  We have seen the U.S. government does not intend to hide behind the curtain amid the U.S. policy shift toward China.  Some more active moves can be expected.

【孿生文章】

台灣外交與美國最終責任　雲程

授權下的台灣自治　雲程

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