網頁

2024-10-31

19400604 邱吉爾演講〈我們將在海灘上戰鬥〉We Shall Fight on the Beaches / Taimocracy翻譯

【雙魚之論】英文拷到 G / D 找中文翻譯
與侵略者妥協談判似乎很有道理(比例時完全無抵抗的投降),但投降不會受到尊敬,這篇文章是2017年電影最黑暗的時刻Darkest Hour)傳達邱吉爾在親自搭乘地鐵詢問一般人民後,於議會演講獲得同僚的贊同的內容。

We Shall Fight on the Beaches 我們將在海灘上戰鬥    Winston Churchill 19400604 / Taimocracy翻譯

The position of the B.E.F had now become critical. As a result of a most skillfully conducted retreat and German errors, the bulk of the British Forces reached the Dunkirk bridgehead. The peril facing the British nation was now suddenly and universally perceived. On May 26, “Operation Dynamo “–the evacuation from Dunkirk began. The seas remained absolutely calm. The Royal Air Force–bitterly maligned at the time by the Army–fought vehemently to deny the enemy the total air supremacy which would have wrecked the operation. At the outset, it was hoped that 45,000 men might be evacuated; in the event, over 338,000 Allied troops reached England, including 26,000 French soldiers. On June 4, Churchill reported to the House of Commons, seeking to check the mood of national euphoria and relief at the unexpected deliverance, and to make a clear appeal to the United States.  英國遠征軍(B.E.F.)的形勢已變得十分危急。憑藉一次極為巧妙的撤退行動以及德軍的失誤,大部分英軍成功抵達了敦克爾克橋頭堡。英國民族面臨的危險現在突然被普遍認識到。526日,「發電機行動」敦克爾克撤離開始。大海依然風平浪靜。皇家空軍當時受到陸軍的嚴厲謾罵,進行了激烈的戰鬥,以剝奪敵人的完全制空權,否則就會破壞行動。最初希望疏散 45,000 人;最終,超過 338,000 名盟軍士兵抵達英國,其中包括 26,000 名法國士兵。6 4 日,邱吉爾向下議院提交報告,試圖遏制全國因意外獲救而欣喜若狂的情緒,並向美國發出明確呼籲。


From the moment that the French defences at Sedan and on the Meuse were broken at the end of the second week of May, only a rapid retreat to Amiens and the south could have saved the British and French Armies who had entered Belgium at the appeal of the Belgian King; but this strategic fact was not immediately realised. The French High Command hoped they would be able to close the gap, and the Armies of the north were under their orders. Moreover, a retirement of this kind would have involved almost certainly the destruction of the fine Belgian Army of over 20 divisions and the abandonment of the whole of Belgium. Therefore, when the force and scope of the German penetration were realised and when a new French Generalissimo, General Weygand, assumed command in place of General Gamelin, an effort was made by the French and British Armies in Belgium to keep on holding the right hand of the Belgians and to give their own right hand to a newly created French Army which was to have advanced across the Somme in great strength to grasp it.  5月第二週末法軍在SedanMeuse河的防禦被攻破的那一刻起,只有迅速撤退到Amiens和南部才能拯救在比利時國王要求下進入比利時的英法軍隊。但這項戰略事實並沒有立即實現。法國最高統帥部希望他們能夠縮小差距,北方的軍隊也聽從了他們的指揮。此外,這種撤退幾乎肯定會導致精良的比利時陸軍20多個師的毀滅,並放棄整個比利時。因此,當德國滲透的力量和範圍被認識到,當新的法國大元帥Weygand將軍接替Gamelin將軍擔任指揮官時,駐比利時的法國和英國軍隊努力繼續協同作戰,並接應一支新編的法國軍隊。新軍將以強大的力量穿越索姆河,與他們會合。

However, the German eruption swept like a sharp scythe around the right and rear of the Armies of the north. Eight or nine armoured divisions, each of about four hundred armoured vehicles of different kinds, but carefully assorted to be complementary and divisible into small self-contained units, cut off all communications between us and the main French Armies. It severed our own communications for food and ammunition, which ran first to Amiens and afterwards through Abbeville, and it shore its way up the coast to Boulogne and Calais, and almost to Dunkirk. Behind this armoured and mechanised onslaught came a number of German divisions in lorries, and behind them again there plodded comparatively slowly the dull brute mass of the ordinary German Army and German people, always so ready to be led to the trampling down in other lands of liberties and comforts which they have never known in their own.  然而,德軍的爆發像一把鋒利的鐮刀一樣掃過北方軍隊的右翼和後方。八個或九個裝甲師,每個師有大約四百輛不同類型的裝甲車,但經過精心分類,相互補充並可分為小型獨立單位,切斷了我們與法國主力部隊之間的所有通訊。它切斷了我們自己的食物和彈藥交通,我們的食物和彈藥首先運往Amiens,然後經過Abbeville,然後沿著海岸向上到達BoulogneCalais,幾乎到達敦克爾克。在這場裝甲和機械化猛攻的背後,是許多開著卡車的德國師,在他們後面,又是相對緩慢地緩慢前行的普通德國軍隊和德國人民,他們總是準備好被帶去踐踏他國家土地。

I have said this armoured scythe-stroke almost reached Dunkirk-almost but not quite. Boulogne and Calais were the scenes of desperate fighting. The Guards defended Boulogne for a while and were then withdrawn by orders from this country. The Rifle Brigade, the 60th Rifles, and the Queen Victoria’s Rifles, with a battalion of British tanks and 1,000 Frenchmen, in all about four thousand strong, defended Calais to the last. The British Brigadier was given an hour to surrender. He spurned the offer, and four days of intense street fighting passed before silence reigned over Calais, which marked the end of a memorable resistance. Only 30 unwounded survivors were brought off by the Navy, and we do not know the fate of their comrades. Their sacrifice, however, was not in vain. At least two armoured divisions, which otherwise would have been turned against the British Expeditionary Force, had to be sent to overcome them. They have added another page to the glories of the light divisions, and the time gained enabled the Graveline water lines to be flooded and to be held by the French troops.  我說過,這次裝甲鐮刀的攻擊幾乎到達了敦克爾克——幾乎但還沒有完全到達。BoulogneCalais是殊死戰鬥的場景。近衛軍保衛了Boulogne一段時間,然後根據命令撤出該國。步槍旅、第 60 步槍團和維多利亞女王步槍旅,以及一個由英國坦克營和 1,000 名法國人組成的大約 4000 名士兵,將Calais保衛到底。英國旅長被要求在一小時內投降。他拒絕了這項提議,四天的激烈巷戰過去了,Calais陷入了沉寂,這標誌著一場令人難忘的抵抗運動的結束。只有30名未受傷的倖存者被海軍救起,我們不知道他們戰友的命運。然而,他們的犧牲並沒有白費。必須派出至少兩個裝甲師來對抗他們,否則這些裝甲師就會用來對抗英國遠征軍。他們為輕裝師的輝煌增添了新的一頁,贏得的時間使得Graveline水線被淹沒並被法國軍隊佔領。

Thus it was that the port of Dunkirk was kept open. When it was found impossible for the Armies of the north to reopen their communications to Amiens with the main French Armies, only one choice remained. It seemed, indeed, forlorn. The Belgian, British and French Armies were almost surrounded. Their sole line of retreat was to a single port and to its neighbouring beaches. They were pressed on every side by heavy attacks and far outnumbered in the air.  因此,敦克爾克港口保持開放。當發現北方軍隊不可能與法國主力部隊重新開放與Amiens的通訊時,只剩下一個選擇。確實,這看起來很荒涼。比利時、英國和法國軍隊幾乎被包圍。他們唯一的撤退路線是前往一個港口及其鄰近的海灘。他們受到四面八方的猛烈攻擊,而且在空中數量上遠遠處於劣勢。

When, a week ago today, I asked the House to fix this afternoon as the occasion for a statement, I feared it would be my hard lot to announce the greatest military disaster in our long history. I thought-and some good judges agreed with me-that perhaps 20,000 or 30,000 men might be re-embarked. But it certainly seemed that the whole of the French First Army and the whole of the British Expeditionary Force north of the Amiens-Abbeville gap would be broken up in the open field or else would have to capitulate for lack of food and ammunition. These were the hard and heavy tidings for which I called upon the House and the nation to prepare themselves a week ago. The whole root and core and brain of the British Army, on which and around which we were to build, and are to build, the great British Armies in the later years of the war, seemed about to perish upon the field or to be led into an ignominious and starving captivity.  一週前的今天,當我要求眾議院定在今天下午發表聲明時,我擔心我很難宣布我們悠久歷史上最大的軍事災難。我認為——一些優秀的政治領袖也同意我的觀點——也許有 20,000 30,000 人可能會重新登船。但可以肯定的是,Amiens- Abbeville隘口以北的整個法國第一集團軍和整個英國遠征軍將在開闊的戰場上潰散,否則將不得不因缺乏食物和彈藥而投降。這些是艱難而沉重的消息,一週前我呼籲眾議院和全國做好準備。英國陸軍的整個根基、核心和大腦,我們在戰爭後期建立和圍繞它建立和將建立偉大的英國陸軍,似乎即將在戰場上滅亡或被領導陷入可恥且飢餓的囚禁之中。

That was the prospect a week ago. But another blow which might well have proved final was yet to fall upon us. The King of the Belgians had called upon us to come to his aid. Had not this Ruler and his Government severed themselves from the Allies, who rescued their country from extinction in the late war, and had they not sought refuge in what was proved to be a fatal neutrality, the French and British Armies might well at the outset have saved not only Belgium but perhaps even Poland. Yet at the last moment, when Belgium was already invaded, King Leopold called upon us to come to his aid, and even at the last moment we came. He and his brave, efficient Army, nearly half a million strong, guarded our left flank and thus kept open our only line of retreat to the sea. Suddenly, without prior consultation, with the least possible notice, without the advice of his Ministers and upon his own personal act, he sent a plenipotentiary to the German Command, surrendered his Army, and exposed our whole flank and means of retreat.  這是一週前的前景。但另一個很可能被證明是決定性的打擊尚未降臨到我們身上。比利時國王請求我們幫助他。如果這位統治者和他的政府沒有與盟軍斷絕關係,盟軍在戰爭後期拯救了他們的國家免於滅絕,如果他們沒有在被證明是致命的中立狀態中尋求庇護,法國和英國軍隊很可能在一開始就不僅拯救了比利時,甚至可能拯救了波蘭。然而,在比利時已經被入侵的最後一刻,Leopold國王呼籲我們前來援助,甚至在最後一刻我們也來了。他和他勇敢、有效率、近五十萬的軍隊守護著我們的左翼,從而保持了我們通往大海的唯一退路。突然間,在沒有事先協商的情況下,在沒有事先通知的情況下,在沒有得到部長們的建議的情況下,他以自己的個人行動,向德國司令部派出了一名全權代表,投降了他的軍隊,暴露了我們的整個側翼和撤退手段。

I asked the House a week ago to suspend its judgment because the facts were not clear, but I do not feel that any reason now exists why we should not form our own opinions upon this pitiful episode. The surrender of the Belgian Army compelled the British at the shortest notice to cover a flank to the sea more than 30 miles in length. Otherwise all would have been cut off, and all would have shared the fate to which King Leopold had condemned the finest Army his country had ever formed. So in doing this and in exposing this flank, as anyone who followed the operations on the map will see, contact was lost between the British and two out of the three corps forming the First French Army, who were still farther from the coast than we were, and it seemed impossible that any large number of Allied troops could reach the coast.  我一週前要求眾議院暫緩決議,因為事實尚不清楚,但我認為現在沒有任何理由我們不應該對這一可悲的事件形成自己的看法。比利時軍隊的投降迫使英國人在最短的時間內掩護30多英里長的臨海側翼。否則,一切都會被切斷,所有人都會遭受Leopold國王譴責他的國家有史以來最優秀的軍隊的命運。因此,在這樣做和暴露側翼的過程中,正如任何關注地圖上行動的人都會看到的那樣,英國人和法國第一集團軍的三個軍團中的兩個軍團之間失去了聯繫,他們距離海岸仍然比我們更遠大量的盟軍似乎不可能到達海岸。

The enemy attacked on all sides with great strength and fierceness, and their main power, the power of their far more numerous Air Force, was thrown into the battle or else concentrated upon Dunkirk and the beaches. Pressing in upon the narrow exit, both from the east and from the west, the enemy began to fire with cannon upon the beaches by which alone the shipping could approach or depart. They sowed magnetic mines in the channels and seas; they sent repeated waves of hostile aircraft, sometimes more than a hundred strong in one formation, to cast their bombs upon the single pier that remained, and upon the sand dunes upon which the troops had their eyes for shelter. Their U-boats, one of which was sunk, and their motor launches took their toll of the vast traffic which now began. For four or five days an intense struggle reigned. All their armoured divisions-or what Was left of them-together with great masses of infantry and artillery, hurled themselves in vain upon the ever-narrowing, ever-contracting appendix within which the British and French Armies fought.  敵人從四面八方進攻,兵力強大,兇猛,他們的主要力量,即數量多得多的空軍力量,若非投入戰鬥,就要集中在敦克爾克和海灘上。敵人從東邊和西邊逼近狹窄的出口,開始用大砲向海灘射擊,只有通過海灘才能進出船隻。他們在海峽和海洋中埋設磁性地雷;他們一波又一波地派出敵方飛機,有時有一百多架飛機編成一個隊形,向僅存的碼頭和部隊瞄準的沙丘投擲炸彈。他們的潛艇(其中一艘被擊沉)和機動艇對現在開始的大量交通造成了損失。激烈的鬥爭持續了四、五天。他們所有的裝甲師——或者說剩下的裝甲師——連同大量的步兵和砲兵,徒勞地投入英法軍隊不斷縮小、不斷收縮的附錄中。

Meanwhile, the Royal Navy, with the willing help of countless merchant seamen, strained every nerve to embark the British and Allied troops; 220 light warships and 650 other vessels were engaged. They had to operate upon the difficult coast, often in adverse weather, under an almost ceaseless hail of bombs and an increasing concentration of artillery fire. Nor were the seas, as I have said, themselves free from mines and torpedoes. It was in conditions such as these that our men carried on, with little or no rest, for days and nights on end, making trip after trip across the dangerous waters, bringing with them always men whom they had rescued. The numbers they have brought back are the measure of their devotion and their courage. The hospital ships, which brought off many thousands of British and French wounded, being so plainly marked were a special target for Nazi bombs; but the men and women on board them never faltered in their duty.  同時,英國皇家海軍在無數商船海員的自願幫助下,盡力讓英國和盟軍登船。 220 艘輕型戰艦和 650 艘其他船隻參與交戰。他們必須在困難的海岸上行動,常常是在惡劣的天氣下,在幾乎不間斷的炸彈襲擊和越來越集中的砲火下。正如我所說,海洋本身也有水雷和魚雷。正是在這樣的條件下,我們的士兵幾乎沒有休息,連續幾天幾夜,一趟又一趟地穿越危險的水域,隨身帶著的都是他們救過的人。他們帶回來的人數證明了他們的奉獻和勇氣。救治了數千名英國和法國傷員的醫療船,其標記如此明顯,是納粹炸彈的特殊目標;但船上的男男女女從未動搖過自己的職責。

Meanwhile, the Royal Air Force, which had already been intervening in the battle, so far as its range would allow, from home bases, now used part of its main metropolitan fighter strength, and struck at the German bombers and at the fighters which in large numbers protected them. This struggle was protracted and fierce. Suddenly the scene has cleared, the crash and thunder has for the moment-but only for the moment-died away. A miracle of deliverance, achieved by valor, by perseverance, by perfect discipline, by faultless service, by resource, by skill, by unconquerable fidelity, is manifest to us all. The enemy was hurled back by the retreating British and French troops. He was so roughly handled that he did not hurry their departure seriously. The Royal Air Force engaged the main strength of the German Air Force, and inflicted upon them losses of at least four to one; and the Navy, using nearly 1,000 ships of all kinds, carried over 335,000 men, French and British, out of the jaws of death and shame, to their native land and to the tasks which lie immediately ahead. We must be very careful not to assign to this deliverance the attributes of a victory. Wars are not won by evacuations. But there was a victory inside this deliverance, which should be noted. It was gained by the Air Force. Many of our soldiers coming back have not seen the Air Force at work; they saw only the bombers which escaped its protective attack. They underrate its achievements. I have heard much talk of this; that is why I go out of my way to say this. I will tell you about it.  與此同時,英國皇家空軍已經從本土基地在其航程允許的範圍內介入戰鬥,現在使用了其主要城市戰鬥機力量的一部分,對德國轟炸機和德國轟炸機進行了攻擊。這場鬥爭是長期而激烈的。突然,場景變得清晰起來,撞擊聲和雷聲暫時——但只是暫時——消失了。透過勇氣、毅力、完美的紀律、完美的服務、資源、技能、不可征服的忠誠而實現的拯救奇蹟,對我們所有人來說都是顯而易見的。敵人被撤退的英法聯軍擊退。他受到如此粗暴的對待,以至於他沒有認真地催促他們離開。皇家空軍與德國空軍主力交戰,造成至少四比一的損失;海軍動用了近 1,000 艘各類船隻,將超過 335,000 名法國人和英國人從死亡和恥辱的深淵中運送到他們的祖國和即將到來的任務中。我們必須非常小心,不要將這次拯救視為勝利。戰爭不是靠撤離來贏得的。但值得注意的是,這次拯救中有一個勝利。它是由空軍獲得的。我們很多回國的士兵都沒有看過空軍在工作,他們也沒看過空軍。他們只看到逃脫了保護性攻擊的轟炸機。他們低估了它的成就。我聽過很多關於這個的討論;這就是為什麼我特意這麼說。我會告訴你這件事。

This was a great trial of strength between the British and German Air Forces. Can you conceive a greater objective for the Germans in the air than to make evacuation from these beaches impossible, and to sink all these ships which were displayed, almost to the extent of thousands? Could there have been an objective of greater military importance and significance for the whole purpose of the war than this? They tried hard, and they were beaten back; they were frustrated in their task. We got the Army away; and they have paid fourfold for any losses which they have inflicted. Very large formations of German aeroplanes-and we know that they are a very brave race-have turned on several occasions from the attack of one-quarter of their number of the Royal Air Force, and have dispersed in different directions. Twelve aeroplanes have been hunted by two. One aeroplane was driven into the water and cast away by the mere charge of a British aeroplane, which had no more ammunition. All of our types-the Hurricane, the Spitfire and the new Defiant-and all our pilots have been vindicated as superior to what they have at present to face.  表單的底部

這是英國和德國空軍之間的一次偉大的較量。你能想像出德國人在空中的一個更大的目標,而不是讓這​​些海灘的撤離變得不可能,並擊沉所有這些展示的船隻,幾乎達到數千艘嗎?對於戰爭的整個目的來說,還有比這更具有軍事重要性和意義的目標嗎?他們努力嘗試,卻遭到反擊;他們對自己的任務感到沮喪。我們把軍隊趕走了;他們為自己造成的損失付出了四倍的代價。德國飛機的龐大編隊——我們知道他們是一支非常勇敢的種族——曾多次在皇家空軍四分之一數量的攻擊下轉向,並分散到不同的方向。兩架飛機追擊十二架飛機。一架飛機被一架缺少彈藥的英國飛機衝鋒而落入水中並被拋飛。我們所有的機型——颶風、噴火式戰鬥機和新的挑戰者——以及我們所有的飛行員都被證明比他們目前所面臨的要優越。

When we consider how much greater would be our advantage in defending the air above this Island against an overseas attack, I must say that I find in these facts a sure basis upon which practical and reassuring thoughts may rest. I will pay my tribute to these young airmen. The great French Army was very largely, for the time being, cast back and disturbed by the onrush of a few thousands of armoured vehicles. May it not also be that the cause of civilisation itself will be defended by the skill and devotion of a few thousand airmen? There never has been, I suppose, in all the world, in all the history of war, such an opportunity for youth. The Knights of the Round Table, the Crusaders, all fall back into the past-not only distant but prosaic; these young men, going forth every morn to guard their native land and all that we stand for, holding in their hands these instruments of colossal and shattering power, of whom it may be said that:  當我們考慮到保衛本島上空免受海外攻擊時,我們的優勢有多大,我必須說,我在這些事實中找到了一個可靠的基礎,可以在此基礎上進行實際和令人放心的想法我謹向這些年輕的飛行員表示敬意。偉大的法國軍隊在很大程度上被數千輛裝甲車的突襲所擾,暫時被擊退和擾亂。難道文明事業本身不也將由幾千名飛行員的技能和奉獻來捍衛嗎?我想,在全世界、整個戰爭史上,從來沒有提供年輕人這樣的機會。圓桌騎士、十字軍,都回到了過去──不但遙遠,而且平淡;這些年輕人每天早上都會​​前去保衛他們的祖國和我們所代表的一切,他們手中握著這些具有巨大和毀滅性力量的工具,可以說:

Every morn brought forth a noble chance
And every chance brought forth a noble knight,
deserve our gratitude, as do all the brave men who, in so many ways and on so many occasions, are ready, and continue ready to give life and all for their native land.

每個早晨都帶來了一個崇高的機會,
每一個機會都帶來了一個崇高的騎士,
值得我們感激,就像所有勇敢的人一樣,他們在很多方面、在很多場合,已經準備好,並繼續準備好為之獻出生命和一切。

I return to the Army. In the long series of very fierce battles, now on this front, now on that, fighting on three fronts at once, battles fought by two or three divisions against an equal or somewhat larger number of the enemy, and fought fiercely on some of the old grounds that so many of us knew so well-in these battles our losses in men have exceeded 30,000 killed, wounded and missing. I take occasion to express the sympathy of the House to all who have suffered bereavement or who are still anxious. The President of the Board of Trade [Sir Andrew Duncan] is not here today. His son has been killed, and many in the House have felt the pangs of affliction in the sharpest form. But I will say this about the missing: We have had a large number of wounded come home safely to this country, but I would say about the missing that there may be very many reported missing who will come back home, some day, in one way or another. In the confusion of this fight it is inevitable that many have been left in positions where honor required no further resistance from them.  我回到軍隊。在一連串非常激烈的戰鬥中,一會兒在這邊,一會兒在那邊,三條戰線同時作戰,兩三個師對敵人數相等或稍多的敵人進行戰鬥,在一些戰場上進行激烈的戰鬥。都非常熟悉這些古老的理由——在這些戰鬥中,我們已超過30,000 人陣亡、受傷和失踪。我藉此機會向所有遭受喪親之痛或仍感到焦慮的人表示眾議院的同情。貿易委員會主席Andrew Duncan爵士今天不在場。他的兒子被殺了,眾議院的許多人都感受到了最強烈的痛苦。但關於失踪人員,我要這樣說:我們已經有大量傷員安全返回這個國家,但我想說的是,關於失踪人員,可能有很多據報道失踪的人,有一天,他們會各種方式回家。在這場戰鬥混亂中,許多人不可避免地被留在了榮譽不需要他們進一步抵抗的位置上。

Against this loss of over 30,000 men, we can set a far heavier loss certainly inflicted upon the enemy. But our losses in material are enormous. We have perhaps lost one-third of the men we lost in the opening days of the battle of 21st March, 1918, but we have lost nearly as many guns — nearly one thousand-and all our transport, all the armoured vehicles that were with the Army in the north. This loss will impose a further delay on the expansion of our military strength. That expansion had not been proceeding as far as we had hoped. The best of all we had to give had gone to the British Expeditionary Force, and although they had not the numbers of tanks and some articles of equipment which were desirable, they were a very well and finely equipped Army. They had the first-fruits of all that our industry had to give, and that is gone. And now here is this further delay. How long it will be, how long it will last, depends upon the exertions which we make in this Island. An effort the like of which has never been seen in our records is now being made. Work is proceeding everywhere, night and day, Sundays and week days. Capital and Labor have cast aside their interests, rights, and customs and put them into the common stock. Already the flow of munitions has leaped forward. There is no reason why we should not in a few months overtake the sudden and serious loss that has come upon us, without retarding the development of our general program.  相對於這三萬多人的損失,我們可以說敵人的損失肯定嚴重得多。但我們的物質損失是巨大的。我們也許損失了 1918 3 21 日戰役初期損失人數的三分之一,但我們損失了幾乎同樣多的槍支——近千支——以及我們所有的運輸工具,以及隨行的所有裝甲車。的軍隊。這一損失將使我們的軍事實力的擴張進一步受到拖延。擴張並沒有像我們希望的那樣進行。我們所能提供的最好的東西都給了英國遠征軍,儘管他們沒有理想的坦克數量和一些裝備,但他們是一支裝備精良的軍隊。他們擁有我們產業所能提供的一切初成果,但現在已經不存在了。現在又出現了進一步的延遲。能持續多久,持續多久,取決於我們在這個島上的努力。現在正在做出我們的記錄中從未見過的類似努力。無論白天或黑夜,週日或工作日,工作都在進行。資本和勞工已經拋開了他們的利益、權利和習俗,把它們變成了普通股。彈藥的供應已經大幅增加。我們沒有理由不在幾個月內克服突然發生的嚴重損失,而不阻礙我們整體計畫的發展。

Nevertheless, our thankfulness at the escape of our Army and so many men, whose loved ones have passed through an agonising week, must not blind us to the fact that what has happened in France and Belgium is a colossal military disaster. The French Army has been weakened, the Belgian Army has been lost, a large part of those fortified lines upon which so much faith had been reposed is gone, many valuable mining districts and factories have passed into the enemy’s possession, the whole of the Channel ports are in his hands, with all the tragic consequences that follow from that, and we must expect another blow to be struck almost immediately at us or at France. We are told that Herr Hitler has a plan for invading the British Isles. This has often been thought of before. When Napoleon lay at Boulogne for a year with his flat-bottomed boats and his Grand Army, he was told by someone. “There are bitter weeds in England.” There are certainly a great many more of them since the British Expeditionary Force returned.  儘管如此,我們對我們的軍隊和這麼多人的逃脫表示感謝,他們的親人度過了痛苦的一周,但我們絕不能忽視這樣一個事實:法國和比利時發生的事情是一場巨大的軍事災難。法國軍隊被削弱了,比利時軍隊被消滅了,人們寄予厚望的防禦線的很大一部分已經消失了,許多有價值的礦區和工廠都落入了敵人的手中,整個海峽都落入了敵人的手中。我們得知希特勒先生有一個入侵不列顛群島的計劃。以前人們常常想到這一點。當拿破崙帶著他的平底船和他的大軍在布洛涅躺了一年時,有人告訴他。英格蘭有不平順的事情。自從英國遠征軍回歸以來,他們的數量肯定更多。

The whole question of home defense against invasion is, of course, powerfully affected by the fact that we have for the time being in this Island incomparably more powerful military forces than we have ever had at any moment in this war or the last. But this will not continue. We shall not be content with a defensive war. We have our duty to our Ally. We have to reconstitute and build up the British Expeditionary Force once again, under its gallant Commander-in-Chief, Lord Gort. All this is in train; but in the interval we must put our defences in this Island into such a high state of organisation that the fewest possible numbers will be required to give effective security and that the largest possible potential of offensive effort may be realised. On this we are now engaged. It will be very convenient, if it be the desire of the House, to enter upon this subject in a secret Session. Not that the government would necessarily be able to reveal in very great detail military secrets, but we like to have our discussions free, without the restraint imposed by the fact that they will be read the next day by the enemy; and the Government would benefit by views freely expressed in all parts of the House by Members with their knowledge of so many different parts of the country. I understand that some request is to be made upon this subject, which will be readily acceded to by His Majesty’s Government.  當然,防禦入侵的整個問題受到以下事實的強烈影響:我們目前在這個島上擁有比我們在這場戰爭或上一場戰爭中任何時刻都強大得多的軍事力量。但這不會繼續下去。我們不會滿足於防禦戰。我們對我們的盟友負有責任。我們必須在英勇的總司令戈特勳爵的領導下再次重組和建立英國遠征軍。這一切都在火車上;但在這段時間裡,我們必須讓我們在這個島上的防禦工作處於高度組織狀態,以便用盡可能少的人數來提供有效的安全保障,並發揮最大可能的進攻潛力。我們現在正在討論這個問題。如果眾議院願意,在秘密會議上討論這個主題將是非常方便的。並不是說政府一定能夠披露非常詳細的軍事機密,但我們希望我們的討論能夠自由進行,不受第二天就會被敵人閱讀這一事實所帶來的限制;議員們在眾議院各部門自由表達自己的觀點,他們對國家許多不同地區的了解將使政府受益。據我所知,就這個問題將提出一些要求,國王陛下的政府將很容易同意。

We have found it necessary to take measures of increasing stringency, not only against enemy aliens and suspicious characters of other nationalities, but also against British subjects who may become a danger or a nuisance should the war be transported to the United Kingdom. I know there are a great many people affected by the orders which we have made who are the passionate enemies of Nazi Germany. I am very sorry for them, but we cannot, at the present time and under the present stress, draw all the distinctions which we should like to do. If parachute landings were attempted and fierce fighting attendant upon them followed, these unfortunate people would be far better out of the way, for their own sakes as well as for ours. There is, however, another class, for which I feel not the slightest sympathy. Parliament has given us the powers to put down Fifth Column activities with a strong hand, and we shall use those powers subject to the supervision and correction of the House, without the slightest hesitation until we are satisfied, and more than satisfied, that this malignancy in our midst has been effectively stamped out.  我們發現有必要採取更嚴格的措施,不僅針對敵方外國人和其他國籍的可疑人物,而且針對英國臣民如果戰爭轉移到英國,他們可能會成為危險或滋擾。我知道有很多人受到我們所下命令的影響,他們是納粹德國的狂熱敵人。我為他們感到非常遺憾,但在目前的時間和當前的壓力下,我們無法做出我們想要做的所有區分。如果嘗試降落傘著陸並隨後發生激烈的戰鬥,那麼這些不幸的人最好遠離他們,無論是為了他們自己還是為了我們。然而,還有另外一個階級,我對此沒有絲毫的同情。議會賦予我們強力鎮壓第五縱隊活動的權力,我們將毫不猶豫地在眾議院的監督和糾正下使用這些權力,直到我們對這種惡性行為感到滿意為止。

Turning once again, and this time more generally, to the question of invasion, I would observe that there has never been a period in all these long centuries of which we boast when an absolute guarantee against invasion, still less against serious raids, could have been given to our people. In the days of Napoleon the same wind which would have carried his transports across the Channel might have driven away the blockading fleet. There was always the chance, and it is that chance which has excited and befooled the imaginations of many Continental tyrants. Many are the tales that are told. We are assured that novel methods will be adopted, and when we see the originality of malice, the ingenuity of aggression, which our enemy displays, we may certainly prepare ourselves for every kind of novel stratagem and every kind of brutal and treacherous maneuver. I think that no idea is so outlandish that it should not be considered and viewed with a searching, but at the same time, I hope, with a steady eye. We must never forget the solid assurances of sea power and those which belong to air power if it can be locally exercised.  再次,這次是更普遍地談到入侵問題,我認為,在所有這些漫長的世紀中,從來沒有一個時期可以讓我們誇耀,可以絕對保證防止入侵,更不用說防止嚴重的襲擊了。給我們的人民。在拿破崙時代,吹著他的運輸船橫渡英吉利海峽的風也可能驅散封鎖的艦隊。機會總是存在的,正是這個機會激發並愚弄了許多大陸暴君的想像。傳頌的故事有很多。我們相信,我們一定會採取新的手段,當我們看到敵人表現出的惡意的獨創性、侵略的巧妙性時,我們一定會為各種新奇的策略和各種殘酷而陰險的策略做好準備。我認為,沒有任何想法如此古怪,以至於不應該透過探索來考慮和看待它,但同時,我希望,用穩定的眼光來考慮和看待它。我們絕不能忘記海上力量的堅實保證,以及空中力量如果能夠在當地行使的話。

I have, myself, full confidence that if all do their duty, if nothing is neglected, and if the best arrangements are made, as they are being made, we shall prove ourselves once again able to defend our Island home, to ride out the storm of war, and to outlive the menace of tyranny, if necessary for years, if necessary alone. At any rate, that is what we are going to try to do. That is the resolve of His Majesty’s Government-every man of them. That is the will of Parliament and the nation. The British Empire and the French Republic, linked together in their cause and in their need, will defend to the death their native soil, aiding each other like good comrades to the utmost of their strength. Even though large tracts of Europe and many old and famous States have fallen or may fall into the grip of the Gestapo and all the odious apparatus of Nazi rule, we shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end, we shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air, we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this Island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God’s good time, the New World, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.  我自己完全有信心,如果所有人都盡其職盡責,不遺漏任何事情,如果按照正在做出的最佳安排,我們將再次證明自己能夠保衛我們的島嶼家園,度過戰爭的風暴,並在必要時戰勝暴政的威脅多年。如果有必要的話單獨抗戰。無論如何,這就是我們要努力做的事情。這是國王陛下的政府——他們中的每一個人——的決心。這是議會和國家的意願。大英帝國和法蘭西共和國在各自的事業和需求上緊密相連,將誓死捍衛自己的祖國,像好同志一樣竭盡全力互相幫助。即使歐洲的大片地區和許多古老而著名的國家已經落入或可能落入蓋世太保和納粹統治的所有可惡機構的控制,我們也不會畏縮或失敗。我們將堅持到底,我們將在法國作戰,我們將在海洋上作戰,我們將在空中作戰,信心和力量將不斷增強,我們將保衛我們的島嶼,無論付出什麼代價,我們將在海灘上戰鬥,我們將在登陸場上戰鬥,我們將在田野和街道上戰鬥,我們將在山上戰鬥;我們永遠不會投降,即使,我一刻也不相信,這個島嶼或它的大部分被征服並挨餓,那麼我們在海外的帝國,在英國艦隊的武裝和守衛下,將繼續進行鬥爭,直到在上帝適當的時候,新世界以其全部力量和力量挺身而出,拯救和解放舊世界

 

沒有留言:

張貼留言

請網友務必留下一致且可辨識的稱謂
顧及閱讀舒適性,段與段間請空一行