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2014-01-08

No-fishing Zone, No-US Zone

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感謝網友STA報知。這是北京混用「九段線」(歷史論),與自「領海=領土」(自創)以及聯合國海洋法公約的「專屬經濟海域」、「大陸棚」,並結合兩者「水體漁業資源+底土礦物資源」的例子。

2014年元旦起,對外國漁船過境海南行政區水域時,實施須先獲得許可否則不准捕魚也不得測量的政策。這個新海域,佔南海的2/3。這項從1129日通過,121日起宣布。這是中國漁業法的一部分。
不過,這項新法並未公告周知給外國,或許是留一手以便政治拉鋸。不過,已經有越南漁船被襲擊並充公漁獲。美國注意公海航行自由、尊重國際法與和平解決而呼籲「行為準則」。
不過,中國既已有意混用海洋法公約規定,南海如何還有準則可言?
論者認為此「非漁區」 (no-fishing zone) 是中國兩階段實施海洋主權的作法。而且是將先前權利義務較為模糊九段線較為明確化,省政化,然後看看外界會有何種反應。這是「軟土深掘」或「溫水青蛙」。
論者推測,北京留有轉圜:這是海南省政府的政策而非北京。但此種思考,太過天真無邪了。對北京而言,先處理資源項目,避免與美國對衝,已經是「很客氣了」,豈有撤回之理。
再這樣玩下去,華盛頓幾年內就無牌可打了,特別是國務院或國防部都無海洋戰略可言。
值得注意的是,東海劃設屬於戰爭事物的防空識別區,在南海卻先劃設屬於資源事物的「九段線+專屬經濟海域+大陸棚」。正好是我們所推測的東海爭議本質在軍事,南海爭議本質在資源。

China Orders Foreign Fishing Vessels Out of Most of the South China SeaWashington Beacon2014.01.07http://freebeacon.com/china-orders-foreign-fishing-vessels-out-of-most-of-the-south-china-sea/
New rules issued prior to near collision between U.S. warship and Chinese naval vessel
China has ordered foreign fishing vessels to obtain approval from regional authorities before fishing or surveying in two thirds of the South China Sea, setting up the potential for new confrontations between Beijing and its neighbors over maritime sovereignty claims to disputed islands.
The new orders went into effect Jan. 1 after they were issued late November by Hainan island provincial government authorities.
Under the new regulations, all foreign fishing boats that transit into a new Hainan’s administrative zone in the sea—an area covering two-thirds of the 1.5 million square mile South China Sea—must be approved by Chinese authorities.
The new measures were imposed Nov. 29 and announced Dec. 3 in state media as part of a policy of enforcing Chinese fisheries law.
Chinese law states that any ships that violate the fishing regulations will be forced out of the zone, have their catch confiscated, and face fines of up to $82,600.  In some cases, fishing boats could be confiscated and their crew prosecuted under Chinese law.
It is the first time China has made a clear legal claim to disputed fishing grounds claimed by Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and other states in the region.
A Chinese maritime patrol boat struck a Vietnamese fishing boat Jan. 3 near the Paracel Islands in the first incident under the new rules, according to Vietnamese state media.  The Chinese used Tasers and batons to subdue the fishermen and confiscated their 5-ton catch of fish along with fishing equipment.  The incident was reported on the website Fishermen Stories.
The new South China Sea fishing rules have not been disclosed publicly outside China.
At stake in the dispute are key issues of international freedom of navigation, and China’s attempt to seize and control waters known to contain large fishing grounds in addition to untapped reserves of oil and natural gas.
China last month set off an international imbroglio with Japan, Philippines, South Korea, and the United States by declaring an air defense identification zone over the nearby East China Sea.  Japan rejected the Chinese claims for the air defense zone.  The Pentagon ordered two nuclear-capable B-52 bombers to fly through the zone in a challenge to the Chinese claims.
Then last month a U.S. Navy guided missile cruiser nearly clashed with a Chinese warship in the South China Sea near Hainan island, as the U.S. ship, the USS Cowpens, monitored Chinese naval maneuvers.
A State Department spokesman had no comment.  “A Chinese embassy spokeswoman had no immediate comment.”
Secretary of State John Kerry said in Manila Dec. 17 that the United States wants maritime disputes in the region resolved peacefully.
“We strongly support ASEAN’s efforts with China to move quickly to conclude a code of conduct as a key to reducing the risk of accidents or miscalculation,” he said.
“In that process, we think that claimants have a responsibility to clarify their claims and to align their claims with international law.”
Kerry said the East China Sea air defense zone should not be implemented and warned China to “refrain from taking similar unilateral actions elsewhere in the region, and particularly over the South China Sea.”
Chinese state media have reported that due to the international backlash over the East China Sea zone, China is unlikely to declare a similar air defense zone in the South China Sea.
The no-fishing zone over two thirds of the South China Sea appears to be China’s effort to bolster its maritime sovereignty claims in that sea.
Analysts say the new Chinese fishing rules are likely to trigger larger disputes among China and other Southeast Asian states.
This is truly significant, but not unexpected,” said former State Department official and China affairs expert John Tkacik.
Tkacik said declaration of the new Hainan maritime zone appears to be part of a policy by China of gradually tightening controls in the region.  Earlier, Beijing had declared the entire South China Sea as its territory under a vague “Nine-Dash Line” covering the sea that Beijing claimed as an exclusive economic zone.
Beijing is now stepping beyond its previous vagueness on the legal status of the ‘Nine Dash Line’ to promulgating a ‘provincial measure’ to see what the push-back is,” he said.
Declaration of the new Hainan fishing zone also appears to be designed to gradually force Southeast Asian states, Japan, and the United States to accept Chinese maritime encroachment.
Vietnam and China clashed militarily several times in the past 30 years over the Paracel islands, which are included in the new zone.  Chinese ships fired on two Vietnamese fishing boats in 2005, killing 9 people.  Video from Vietnam posted online several years ago also showed Chinese patrol boats firing machine guns at Vietnamese fishermen near the Paracels.
Additionally, Chinese naval vessels have confronted the Philippines over its claims to the Spratly islands, also located within the new Hainan no-fishing zone.
Other disputed fisheries in the Hainan zone include the Macclesfield Bank, located east of the Parcels, and Scarborough Shoal, near the Philippines’ Luzon Island.
China also has harassed U.S. intelligence-gathering ships in the South China Sea during the past several years.
The South China Sea was the scene of a U.S.-China military confrontation Dec. 5 when a Chinese navy tank landing ship sailed and stopped some 100 yards in front of the USS Cowpens, a guided missile cruiser.
Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel called the Chinese attempt to stop the Cowpens “irresponsible” and said the incident could have triggered a larger military showdown.
Tkacik said Southeast Asia states could challenge the new no-fishing zone through the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
“China is clearly flouting [the convention] with this announcement,” he said.
Beijing will likely deflect criticism of the no-fishing zone by claiming it was initiated by a regional government and thus is not part of national policy.  However, China is not likely to rescind the rules and could initiate similar fishing restrictions in the East China Sea.
U.S. policymakers appear to believe that the U.S. Navy is sufficient to maintain and defend U.S. maritime rights under international law, without the U.N. Law of the Sea convention, Tkacik said, noting that while Japan has signed up to the convention, the United States has not.
“As China’s navy grows stronger—and the U.S. Navy shrinks—Washington’s options will run out in a few years,” he said.
“I don’t know that anyone in Washington, either at State or the Pentagon, is thinking this challenge out beyond a year,” he added. “It is America’s misfortune that it no longer has any real maritime strategists.”


9 則留言:

  1. 「東海識別區」被打臉了還玩

    大概覺得南海諸國柿子比較軟吧

    回覆刪除
  2. 自認為有領土爭議、事務,提不出爭議佐證,不尋求UN公正裁決;卻以蠻橫糾纏、暴力相向,以先掐住你再說,等後人去解決。這是何等深沉野蠻的行為,野蠻! 無理!

    國際慣例無我利益就否定,如今硬來訂規矩。一切共產式規矩、共產式自由、共產式民主、共產式價值,大家必須遵守,否則…嘿!嘿!

    二戰後德國、日本之所以被支解,主因【納粹主義、軍國主義】野蠻、無理;最後只有接受國際制裁。

    看來歷史又要重演,【新納粹主義+新軍國主義】來了!
    等著二次N國聯軍,來大卸8塊吧!

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    回覆
    1. 非武力戰,以中共之脆弱,很容易,只是黑馬太爛罷了!

      下任得靠 GOP 了.............

      Quantum

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  3. 前些日的金融時報不就刊登一篇文章說,要玩山姆大帝,不趁現在,趁何時? 機會難得。為何趁現在?

    一來,黑馬自我從東亞收兵,僅掛個重返亞洲布條,卻去中東與伊朗淌渾水,殊不知道波斯佬是早就與土龍掛勾,且油管是直接通道北京的,所以波斯佬是被土龍安置在那用來牽制山姆大帝的埋伏啦。

    二來,弄來一對鴕鳥,拜登與凱理,不但在北京被修理,連在中東也沒得面子,頂多是搞一個這個月可以與伊朗坐下來談一下的天大面子,

    這樣的外交成績難怪那篇文章說:奧巴馬不諳外交事務,也沒有興趣扮演美國在全球戰略的“應盡的”角色,他全部的心力都投在了美國的全民健保。黑馬被醫保搞得快住院了,是頗有可能第一個享受醫保的人,當然沒心管東亞的事。

    既然黑馬的外交是近幾十年來最弱的,所以北京該抓準機會,能踏門入戶多遠就多遠。如今先把越南小漁船抓來修理,慢慢會大到其他船隻,他國。

    好了,都躺著等土龍上弓把肚子搞大,土龍豈有客氣的理由?既然已成型,那 - - - - 小歐,你能不吞下?

    若小歐一吞下,還有啥可說,還有南海通道安全可言嗎?誰還敢說不?

    俺非常懷念希拉蕊辣媽咪!

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    1. 希拉蕊,邏輯清晰,也是我的偶像。
      雖然已經成為阿嬤了!

      刪除
    2. 馮氏兄弟把哈佛的招牌徹底砸了!

      Quantum

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    3. 好久不見,滄海桑田..................

      建議 Ajin 大新家開放匿名留言,

      但不留個別 ID 者一律刪除,

      這比
      用 Blogger 原設定限制要好,

      Blogger 原設定很機車.............

      刪除
    4. 好久不見,滄海桑田..................

      建議 Ajin 大新家開放匿名留言,

      但不留個別 ID 者一律刪除,

      這比用 Blogger 原設定限制要好,

      Blogger 原設定很機車.............

      Quantum

      刪除

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