副署是Double Check，不是制衡

副署是Double Check，不是制衡

Countersignature is not intended to check and balance the president. In fact, the concept of "checks and balances" primarily pertains to the relationship between the executive and legislative branches in the U.S. presidential system. Within the same "branch of power," subordinates' authority derives from superiors. Interpreting countersignature as a mechanism for subordinates to use "checks and balances" against their superiors is logically flawed—whether the Premier is nominated by the president and confirmed by the Legislative Yuan under the original constitutional design, or directly appointed by the president after constitutional amendments, viewing the countersignature system through the lens of "checks and balances" is utterly ridiculous.
The essence of countersignature is a "double check" mechanism: the president handles the "formal" aspects, while the Premier is responsible for the "substantive" content. This serves as an additional review and safeguard across branches of power for the formulation of policies.

副署並非用來制衡總統。事實上，「制衡」（checks and balances）的概念主要針對美國總統制中行政與立法部門之間的關係。在同一「權力部門」內部，下屬的授權來自上級。
讓下屬用副署來「制衡」權力對付長官的理解實在違反邏輯—無論行政院長是依原憲法設計由總統提名、經立法院同意產生，抑或修憲後改由總統直接任命，以「制衡」來詮釋副署制度皆是笑話一樁。
副署的本質是「double check」機制：總統負責檢視「形式」是否合於規定，行政院長則負責「實質」內容是否可行。這是跨權力部門對政策出爐的再檢視與把關。