1798年《境外敵人法》

1798年《境外敵人法》

TITLE 50 - WAR AND NATIONAL DEFENSE 50 U.S. Code Chapter 3 - ALIEN ENEMIES	戰爭與國防 境外敵人　Taimocracy翻譯
§ 21. Restraint, regulation, and removal Whenever there is a declared war between the United States and any foreign nation or government, or any invasion or predatory incursion is perpetrated, attempted, or threatened against the territory of the United States by any foreign nation or government, and the President makes public proclamation of the event, all natives, citizens, denizens, or subjects of the hostile nation or government, being of the age of fourteen years and upward, who shall be within the United States and not actually naturalized, shall be liable to be apprehended, restrained, secured, and removed as alien enemies. The President is authorized in any such event, by his proclamation thereof, or other public act, to direct the conduct to be observed on the part of the United States, toward the aliens who become so liable; the manner and degree of the restraint to which they shall be subject and in what cases, and upon what security their residence shall be permitted, and to provide for the removal of those who, not being permitted to reside within the United States, refuse or neglect to depart therefrom; and to establish any other regulations which are found necessary in the premises and for the public safety. (R.S. § 4067; Apr. 16, 1918, ch. 55, 40 Stat. 531.)	§ 21.克制、監管和驅逐 當美國與任何外國國家或政府之間宣布進入戰爭狀態，或任何外國國家或政府對美國領土發動、企圖發動、或威脅發動入侵或掠奪行動，並且總統就此事件發布公告時，凡年滿十四歲及以上、身處美國境內但未正式歸化為美國公民的敵對國家或政府的本國人、公民、居民或臣民，均可被視為敵國外籍人士，並可能被拘捕、限制、監管或驅逐出境。 在此類情況下，總統有權藉由公告或其他公開行為，指導美國對這些敵國外籍人士應採取的行動，包括規定他們應受限制的方式與程度；規定在何種情況下以及在何種擔保條件下允許其居住；同時規劃對那些不被允許居住於美國境內但拒絕或未能按要求離境的人的驅逐措施；以及制定為維護公共安全而必要的其他相關規定。（R.S.第4067；1918年4月16日，第55章，第40章，第531條。
§ 22. Time allowed to settle affairs and depart When an alien who becomes liable as an enemy, in the manner prescribed in section 21 of this title, is not chargeable with actual hostility, or other crime against the public safety, he shall be allowed, for the recovery, disposal, and removal of his goods and effects, and for his departure, the full time which is or shall be stipulated by any treaty then in force between the United States and the hostile nation or government of which he is a native citizen, denizen, or subject; and where no such treaty exists, or is in force, the President may ascertain and declare such reasonable time as may be consistent with the public safety, and according to the dictates of humanity and national hospitality. (R.S. § 4068.)	§ 22.允許解決事務和離開的時間 當一外國人依據本標題第21條規定成為敵對方，但未被指控實際敵意或其他危害公共安全的罪行時，應允許其有充分時間以便處理、處置和搬運其財物，以及準備離境。該時間應根據當時美國與該敵對國或政府（其為該國或政府的本國公民、居民或臣民）之間有效條約的規定。如無此類條約或條約未生效，總統得根據公共安全需求、人道原則及國家友好待客之精神，確定並宣布一合理期限。（R.S.第4068 條）
§ 23. Jurisdiction of United States courts and judges After any such proclamation has been made, the several courts of the United States, having criminal jurisdiction, and the several justices and judges of the courts of the United States, are authorized and it shall be their duty, upon complaint against any alien enemy resident and at large within such jurisdiction or district, to the danger of the public peace or safety, and contrary to the tenor or intent of such proclamation, or other regulations which the President may have established, to cause such alien to be duly apprehended and conveyed before such court, judge, or justice; and after a full examination and hearing on such complaint, and sufficient cause appearing, to order such alien to be removed out of the territory of the United States, or to give sureties for his good behavior, or to be otherwise restrained, conformably to the proclamation or regulations established as aforesaid, and to imprison, or otherwise secure such alien, until the order which may be so made shall be performed. (R.S. § 4069.)	§ 23.美國法院和法官的管轄權 在任何此類公告發布後，美國各具刑事管轄權的法院以及美國法院的各法官和法庭法官，均被授權並有責任，對於任何被控居住並自由活動於該管轄區或地區、危害公共和平或安全，且違反該公告內容或總統可能制定之其他規定的敵國外籍人士，進行合法拘捕並送至相關法院、法官或法庭法官處。經對該控訴進行全面審查和聽證後，如發現有充分理由，應下令將該外籍人士驅逐出美國領土，或要求其提供擔保以保證良好行為，或按照上述公告或規定對其作出其他限制措施，並在執行該命令之前，對該外籍人士進行監禁或採取其他必要的安全措施。（R.S.第4069條）
§ 24. Duties of marshals When an alien enemy is required by the President, or by order of any court, judge, or justice, to depart and to be removed, it shall be the duty of the marshal of the district in which he shall be apprehended to provide therefor and to execute such order in person, or by his deputy or other discreet person to be employed by him, by causing a removal of such alien out of the territory of the United States; and for such removal the marshal shall have the warrant of the President, or of the court, judge, or justice ordering the same, as the case may be. (R.S. § 4070.)	§ 24. 聯邦執法官（US Marshal）的職責 當敵國外籍人士被總統或任何法院、法官或法庭法官命令離境或驅逐時，該外籍人士被拘捕所在地區的聯邦執法官有責任執行該命令。聯邦執法官應親自執行，或由其副手或其他經其指派的謹慎人士執行，確保將該外籍人士驅逐出美國領土。為執行此驅逐，聯邦執法官應持有總統、法院、法官或法庭法官（視情況而定）發出的命令令狀作為合法依據。（R.S.第4070條）。