2023年〈台灣非歧視法案〉（眾議院通過版）/ Taimocracy翻譯

〈2023年台灣非歧視法案〉（眾議院通過版）/ Taimocracy翻譯

H.R. 540 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,	H.R. 540 由美利堅合眾國參議院和眾議院在國會集會上頒布，
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. This Act may be cited as the “Taiwan Non-Discrimination Act of 2023''.	第1節　短標題 本法案可稱為〈2023年台灣非歧視法案〉。
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. Congress finds as follows: (1) As enshrined in its Articles of Agreement, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) is devoted to promoting international monetary cooperation, facilitating the expansion and balanced growth of international trade, encouraging exchange stability, and avoiding competitive exchange depreciation. (2) Taiwan is the 21st largest economy in the world and the 10th largest goods trading partner of the United States. (3) Although Taiwan is not an IMF member, it is a member of the World Trade Organization, the Asian Development Bank, and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum.	第2節　國會確認 國會認為： （1）國際貨幣基金組織（IMF）在其協定條款中，致力於促進國際貨幣合作，促進國際貿易的擴張和平衡增長，鼓勵匯率穩定，避免競爭性匯率貶值。 （2）台灣是美國世界第21大經濟體和第十大貨物貿易夥伴。 （3）台灣雖然不是國際貨幣基金組織成員，但卻是世界貿易組織、亞洲開發銀行、亞太經濟合作論壇的成員。
(4) According to the January 2020 Report on Macroeconomic and Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of the United States, published by the Department of the Treasury, Taiwan held $471,900,000,000 in foreign exchange reserves, more than major economies such as India, South Korea, and Brazil. (5) According to section 4(d) of the Taiwan Relations Act (Public Law 96-8), enacted on April 10, 1979, “Nothing in this Act may be construed as a basis for supporting the exclusion or expulsion of Taiwan from continued membership in any international financial institution or any other international organization.''.	（4）根據美國財政部2020年1月發佈的〈美國主要貿易夥伴宏觀經濟和外匯政策報告〉，台灣持有的外匯儲備為471,900,000,000 美元，超過印度、韓國和巴西等主要經濟體。 （5）根據1979年4月10日制定的〈台灣關係法〉（第96-8條公法）第4（d）條，「本法的任何內容均不得解釋為支持排除或驅逐台灣繼續加入任何國際金融機構或任何其他國際組織的基礎。」
(6) Taiwan held membership in the IMF for 9 years following the recognition of the People's Republic of China (PRC) by the United Nations, and 16 Taiwan staff members at the Fund were allowed to continue their employment after the PRC was seated at the IMF in 1980. As James M. Boughton has noted in his Silent Revolution: The International Monetary Fund 1979-1989, even as the PRC was seated, the United States Executive Director to the IMF, Sam Y. Cross, expressed support on behalf of the United States Government for “some kind of association between Taiwan and the Fund''.	（6）台灣在IMF的成員資格為9年，在聯合國承認中華人民共和國（PRC）後，於1980年中華人民共和國加入IMF，該基金的16名台灣工作人員被允許繼續工作。正如James M. Boughton在其〈無聲的革命：國際貨幣基金組織1979-1989〉（Silent Revolution： The International Monetary Fund 1979-1989）中指出，即使在中華人民共和國取得席次之際，美國駐國際貨幣基金組織（IMF）執行主任Sam Y. Cross也代表美國政府表示支持「台灣與國際貨幣基金組織之間的某種聯繫」。
(7) On September 27, 1994, in testimony before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations regarding the 1994 Taiwan Policy Review, then-Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs Winston Lord stated: “Recognizing Taiwan's important role in transnational issues, we will support its membership in organizations where statehood is not a prerequisite, and we will support opportunities for Taiwan's voice to be heard in organizations where its membership is not possible.''. (8) The Congress has repeatedly reaffirmed support for this policy, including in Public Laws 107-10, 107-158, 108-28, 108-235, 113-17, and 114-139, and the unanimous House and Senate passage of the Taiwan Allies International Protection and Enhancement Initiative (TAIPEI) Act of 2019.	（7）1994年9月27日，時任負責東亞和太平洋事務的助理國務卿Winston Lord在參議院「外交關係委員會」就1994年台灣政策審查作證時表示：「認識到台灣在跨國事務中的重要作用，我們將支援台灣加入不以國家地位為先決條件的組織，我們將支援在不可能加入的組織中聽到台灣的聲音。」 （8）國會一再重申支援這一政策，包括公法107-10、107-158、108-28、108-235、113-17和114-139，以及眾議院和參議院一致通過的2019年〈台灣盟國國際保護和加強倡議（TAIPEI）法〉。
(9) In its fact sheet, entitled “U.S. Relations with Taiwan'', published on August 31, 2018, the Department of State asserts: “The United States supports Taiwan's membership in international organizations that do not require statehood as a condition of membership and encourages Taiwan's meaningful participation in international organizations where its membership is not possible.''. (10) According to the Articles of Agreement of the IMF, “membership shall be open to other countries'', subject to conditions prescribed by the Board of Governors of the IMF.	（9）美國國務院在2018年8月31日發表的題為〈美國與台灣的關係〉的簡報中聲稱：「美國支持台灣加入不要求成為國家成員的國際組織，並鼓勵台灣有意義地參與不可能成為成員的國際組織。」 （10）根據國際貨幣基金組織〈協定〉，在符合國際貨幣基金組織理事會規定的條件的情況下，「成員資格應向其他國家開放」。
(11) In the IMF publication “Membership and Nonmembership in the International Monetary Fund: A Study in International Law and Organization'', Joseph Gold, the then-General Counsel and Director of the Legal Department of the IMF, elaborated on the differences between the terms “countries'' and “states'', noting that “the word ‘country' may have been adopted because of the absence of agreement on the definition of a ‘state''' and, with respect to the use of “countries'' and applications for IMF membership, “the absence of any adjective in the Articles emphasizes the breadth of the discretion that the Fund may exercise in admitting countries to membership''. According to Mr. Gold, “the desire to give the Fund flexibility in dealing with applications may explain not only the absence of any adjective that qualifies ‘countries' but also the choice of that word itself''.	（11）在國際貨幣基金組織出版物〈國際貨幣基金組織的成員資格和非成員資格：國際法和組織研究〉中，時任國際貨幣基金組織總法律顧問兼法律部主任的Joseph Gold詳細闡述了“countries”和“states”這兩個詞之間的區別，指出「countries一詞之所以被採用，可能是因為對states的定義沒有達成一致意見」，而且，關於countries的使用和加入貨幣基金組織的申請，「條款中沒有任何形容詞，這突出了貨幣基金組織在接納各國加入時可以行使的自由裁量權的廣度」Gold先生說，「希望使基金組織在處理申請時具有靈活性，這不僅可以解釋為什麼沒有任何形容詞來限定countries，而且可以解釋為什麼選擇這個詞本身。」
(12) In his IMF study, Mr. Gold further observes, “in the practice of the Fund the concepts of independence and sovereignty have been avoided on the whole as a mode of expressing a criterion for membership in the Fund''. He continues, “Although the Fund usually takes into account the recognition or non-recognition of an entity as a state, there are no rules or even informal understandings on the extent to which an applicant must have been recognized by members or other international organizations before the Fund will regard it as eligible for membership.'' In fact, when considering an application for membership where the status of an applicant may not be resolved, Mr. Gold writes “there have been occasions on which the Fund has made a finding before decisions had been taken by the United Nations or by most members or by members with a majority of the total voting power.'' Mr. Gold concludes, “the Fund makes its own findings on whether an applicant is a ‘country', and makes them solely for its own purposes.''	（12）Gold先生在貨幣基金組織的研究中進一步指出，「在貨幣基金組織的實踐中，獨立和主權的概念總體上被避免作為表達貨幣基金組織成員資格標準的一種方式」。他繼續說，「儘管國際貨幣基金組織通常考慮承認或不承認一個實體為國家，但對於申請者必須在多大程度上得到成員國或其他國際組織的承認，基金組織才會認為其有資格成為成員，甚至沒有非正式的諒解。」事實上，在審議申請者身份可能無法解決的情況下，Gold先生寫道，「在聯合國或大多數成員或擁有總表決權的多數成員作出決定之前，基金組織在作出決定之前就做出了結論。」Gold先生總結：「國際貨幣基金組織對申請人是否為country做出自己的調查結果，並完全出於自己的目的。」
(13) Although not a member state of the United Nations, the Republic of Kosovo is a member of both the IMF and the World Bank, having joined both organizations on June 29, 2009. (14) On October 26, 2021, Secretary of State Antony Blinken issued a statement in support of Taiwan's “robust, meaningful participation'' in the United Nations system, which includes the IMF, the World Bank, and other specialized United Nations agencies. Secretary of State Blinken noted, “As the international community faces an unprecedented number of complex and global issues, it is critical for all stakeholders to help address these problems. This includes the 24 million people who live in Taiwan. Taiwan's meaningful participation in the UN system is not a political issue, but a pragmatic one.'' He continued, “Taiwan's exclusion undermines the important work of the UN and its related bodies, all of which stand to benefit greatly from its contributions.''.	（13）科索沃共和國雖然不是聯合國會員國，但於2009年6月29日加入國際貨幣基金組織和世界銀行，是這兩個組織的成員。 （14）2021年10月26日，美國國務卿安東尼·布林肯發表聲明，支援台灣「有力、有意義地參與」聯合國系統，其中包括國際貨幣基金組織、世界銀行和其他聯合國專門機構。布林肯國務卿指出，「隨著國際社會面臨前所未有的複雜和全球性問題，所有利益攸關方都必須幫助解決這些問題。這包括居住在台灣的2400萬人。台灣有意義地參與聯合國系統不是一個政治問題，而是一個實際問題。」他繼續說，「台灣被排除在外破壞了聯合國及其相關機構的重要工作，所有這些機構都將從其貢獻中受益匪淺。」
SEC. 3. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS. It is the sense of the Congress that-- (1) the size, significance, and connectedness of the Taiwanese economy highlight the importance of greater participation by Taiwan in the International Monetary Fund, given the purposes of the Fund articulated in its Articles of Agreement; and (2) the experience of Taiwan in developing a vibrant and advanced economy under democratic governance and the rule of law should inform the work of the international financial institutions, including through increased participation by Taiwan in the institutions.	第3節　大會的感覺 國會認為， （1）台灣經濟的規模、重要性和聯繫凸顯了台灣更多地參與國際貨幣基金組織的重要性，因為國際貨幣基金組織在其協定條款中闡明瞭該基金的宗旨； （2）台灣在民主治理和法治下發展充滿活力和先進經濟的經驗應為國際金融機構的工作提供資訊，包括通過增加台灣對這些機構的參與。
SEC. 4. SUPPORT FOR TAIWAN ADMISSION TO THE IMF. (a) In General.--The United States Governor of the International Monetary Fund (in this section referred to as the “Fund'') shall use the voice and vote of the United States to vigorously support-- (1) the admission of Taiwan as a member of the Fund, to the extent that admission is sought by Taiwan; (2) participation by Taiwan in regular surveillance activities of the Fund with respect to the economic and financial policies of Taiwan, consistent with Article IV consultation procedures of the Fund; (3) employment opportunities for Taiwan nationals, without regard to any consideration that, in the determination of the United States Governor, does not generally restrict the employment of nationals of member countries of the Fund; and	第4節　支援台灣加入國際貨幣基金組織 （a）一般而言，國際貨幣基金組織（IMF）的美國理事（在本節中稱為「基金組織」）應利用美國的聲音和投票權，大力支持： （1）接納台灣為國際貨幣基金組織成員，只要台灣尋求接納； （2）台灣按照基金組織第四條的磋商程序，參與基金組織對台灣經濟和金融政策的定期監督活動； （3）台灣國民的就業機會，不考慮美國總督決定的一般不限制基金組織成員國國民就業的任何考慮；和
(4) the ability of Taiwan to receive appropriate technical assistance and training by the Fund. (b) United States Policy.--It is the policy of the United States not to discourage or otherwise deter Taiwan from seeking admission as a member of the Fund. (c) Waiver.--The Secretary of the Treasury may waive any requirement of subsection (a) for up to 1 year at a time on reporting to Congress that providing the waiver will substantially promote the objective of securing the meaningful participation of Taiwan at each international financial institution (as defined in section 1701(c)(2) of the International Financial Institutions Act). (d) Sunset.--This section shall have no force or effect on the earlier of-- (1) the date of approval by the Board of Governors of the Fund for the admission of Taiwan as a member of the Fund; or (2) the date that is 10 years after the date of the enactment of this Act.	（4）台灣接受基金適當技術援助和培訓的能力。 （b）美國政策——美國的政策是不要阻撓或以其他方式阻止台灣尋求成為該基金的成員。 （c）豁免——財政部長在向國會報告提供豁免將大大促進確保台灣有意義地參與每個國際金融機構（定義見〈國際金融機構法〉第1701（c）（2）條）的目標後，可以一次豁免（a）款的任何要求，最長可達1年。 （d）落日條款——本條對下列日期（以較早者為準）不具有效力或效力： （1）基金理事會批准接納台灣為基金成員的日期；或 （2）本法頒布之日起10年的日期。
SEC. 5. TESTIMONY REQUIREMENT. In each of the next 7 years in which the Secretary of the Treasury is required by section 1705(b) of the International Financial Institutions Act to present testimony, the Secretary shall include in the testimony a description of the efforts of the United States to support the greatest participation practicable by Taiwan at each international financial institution (as defined in section 1701(c)(2) of such Act).	第5節　證詞要求 在〈國際金融機構法〉第1705（b）條要求財政部長提供證詞的7年中，財政部長應在證詞中說明美國為支持台灣在每家國際金融機構（定義見該法第1701（c）（2）條）中最大程度地參與所做的努力。