【雙魚之論】英文拷到 G / D 找中文翻譯
The execution
of disobedient soldiers appears to be a Russian tradition. This was evident with
Joseph Stalin, who, in his capacity as Chairman of the People's Commissariat of
Defense, issued Order No. 270 on August 16, 1941, reinforcing this practice. The
impact of the order led to some officers and soldiers fleeing to neighboring countries
and joining anti-Soviet, not anti-Germany, resistance movements.
However, in 1941, the Soviet Union was under German invasion, and the extreme measures
taken by the Soviet leader are subject to varying perspectives. Presently, with
Russia's invasion of Ukraine, would invaders want to kill their own troops? It would
clearly further erode military morale.
處決抗命士兵，似乎是俄國傳統。史達林以國防人民委員會主席身份於1941年8月16日簽發〈第270號命令〉，即是如此。其影響是也有一些關官士兵逃往鄰國，並加入抗蘇聯的反抗軍。
不過，1941年是蘇聯受德國侵略，蘇聯採取極端手段尚有可見仁見智之處。現在，是俄羅斯侵略烏克蘭，侵略者要殺自己的軍隊？顯然是更不得軍心。
〈第270號命令〉
前略
I ORDER: 史達林下令
- That commanders
and political officers who, during combat tear off their insignia and desert
to the rear or surrender to the enemy, be considered malicious deserters whose
families are subject to arrest as a family, for violation of an oath and betrayal
of their homeland. 指揮官和政委在戰鬥中撕下徽章並逃往後方或向敵人投降，應被視為惡意逃兵，並應以違反誓言和背叛祖國而要逮捕整個家族。
- All higher
commanders and commissars are required to shoot on the spot any such deserters
from among command personnel. 所有高級指揮官和政委都必須當場槍殺下屬人員中的任何此類逃兵。
- Encircled units
and formations to selflessly fight to the last, to protect materiel like the
apple of their eye, to break through from the rear of enemy troops, defeating
the fascist dogs. 被包圍的單位和部隊要無私地戰鬥到底，像珍寶一樣保護物資，從敵人的後方突圍而出，擊敗法西斯畜生。
- That every soldier is obliged, regardless of his or her position, to
demand that their superiors, if part of their unit is surrounded, to fight
to the end, to break through, and if a superior or a unit of the Red Army –
instead of organizing resistance to the enemy – prefers to become a prisoner
they should be destroyed by all means possible on land and air, and their families
deprived of public benefits and assistance. 每名士兵無論其職位如何，若其單位的一部份被包圍，都有義務遵守上級命令，戰鬥到底並突圍；若一上級或紅軍單位決定投降成為俘虜，而非組織對抗敵人到底，則他們應以陸空所有可能的方式被消滅，其家庭公共福利和津貼應被剝奪。
- Division commanders
and commissars are obliged to immediately shift from their posts commanders
of battalions and regiments, who hide in crevices during battle and those who
fear directing a fight on the battlefield; to reduce their positions, as impostors,
to be demoted to the ranks, and when necessary to shoot them on the spot, bringing
to their place bold and courageous people, from among junior command personnel
or those among the ranks of the Red Army who have excelled. 師長和政委有義務立即將營團指揮官從其崗位上將在戰鬥中躲在縫隙中，那些害怕在戰場上指揮戰鬥的人調離；減少他們的職位，作為冒名頂替者，被降級到隊伍中，並在必要時當場射擊他們，從初級指揮人員或紅軍中表現出色的人中帶來大膽和勇敢的人。
This order
is to be read in all companies, squadrons, batteries, squadrons, teams and staffs.
本這個指令應在所有連、中隊、砲兵團、小隊、分隊和幕僚中閱讀。
Headquarters
of the Supreme Command, Red Army
Chairman of
the State Defence Committee J. STALIN
Deputy Chairman
of the State Defence Committee V. MOLOTOV
Marshal S.
BUDYONNY
Marshal S.
TIMOSHENKO
Marshal B. SHAPOSHNIKOV
General of
the Army G. ZHUKOV
抗命就處決！白宮：俄軍殺害不服從命令的士兵
自由 20231027
俄羅斯持續在烏克蘭東部發動血腥攻勢。美國白宮26日稱，可靠情資顯示，俄羅斯軍方正在處決不遵守戰爭相關命令的士兵。
據《路透》報導，白宮國家安全會議（NSC）發言人柯比（John Kirby）表示：「情報顯示，俄羅斯軍方實際上一直在處決拒絕服從命令的士兵。」
柯比說：「也有情報指出，俄軍指揮官曾公開威脅，如果士兵試圖從烏克蘭的炮火中撤退，就會處決整支部隊。」
克里姆林宮、俄羅斯國防部、俄羅斯駐美國使館均沒有立即做出回應。
柯比強調，俄羅斯動員的部隊不僅訓練不足、裝備不足，且並未完成戰鬥準備；直指俄軍打算以「人海戰術」，將缺乏訓練的士兵不斷投入戰鬥。
柯比認為，處決這些士兵無疑非常野蠻，「我認為這是一個徵兆，即俄羅斯軍方領導人對部隊的掌控相當有限；從軍事角度來看，他們處理此事的方式極為糟糕」。
俄羅斯駐美大使安托諾夫（Anatoly Antonov）26日在Telegram發表評論時，並未提及白宮的指控，僅抨擊美國近日再度提供烏克蘭1.5億美元（約新台幣48.56億元）軍援，稱此舉為「檯面上的挑釁和煽動行為，看起來更像在火上澆油」。
烏克蘭官員25日表示，俄羅斯軍隊不顧重大損失，持續強攻烏克蘭東部頓內次克州（Donetsk）阿夫迪夫卡鎮（Avdiivka）。
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