2022年台灣政策法簡介 美國參議員外交委員會 Taimocracy摘譯

MENENDEZ, GRAHAM INTRODUCE COMPREHENSIVE LEGISLATION TO OVERHAUL U.S.-TAIWAN POLICY   US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations 20220617 Taimocray摘譯

WASHINGTON – U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Bob Menendez (D-N.J.) and Senator Lindsey Graham (R-S.C.) announced they have introduced the bipartisan Taiwan Policy Act of 2022. The new legislation, which comes in the wake of last week’s threats by Chinese Defense Minister Wei Fenghe’s that China will “not hesitate to start a war” and “smash to smithereens” Taiwan, represents the most comprehensive restructuring of U.S. policy towards Taiwan since the Taiwan Relations Act of 1979. The bipartisan proposal expands U.S. efforts to promote the security of Taiwan, ensures regional stability, and deters further People’s Republic of China (PRC) aggression against Taiwan. The legislation also imposes steep costs on the PRC for hostile action against Taiwan by setting up a broad economic sanctions regime.  2022 年兩黨對台政策法案。在上周中國國防部長魏鳳和威脅稱中國將「毫不猶豫地發動戰爭」和「粉碎」台灣之後，新立法代表了最全面的台灣政策。自 1979 年《台灣關係法》以來美國對台灣政策的重組。 兩黨提案擴大了美國在促進台灣安全、確保地區穩定和阻止中華人民共和國（中國）進一步侵略台灣方面的努力。該立法還通過建立廣泛的經濟制裁制度，使中國因對台灣採取敵對行動而付出高昂的代價。

Specifically, the Taiwan Policy Act of 2022 creates a new initiative to bolster Taiwan’s defense capabilities, providing almost $4.5 billion in security assistance over the next four years.  The bill also bolsters support for Taiwan’s democratic government; provides additional support for Taiwan’s participation in international organizations and in multilateral trade architecture; takes concrete steps to counter PRC’s aggressive coercion and influence campaigns; creates a Taiwan Fellowship Program; and designates Taiwan as a Major Non-NATO Ally.  指定台灣為主要非北約盟友

Under U.S. law, a Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status designation is a powerful symbol that provides our closest global partners with additional benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation.  根據美國法律，指定非北約主要盟國 (MNNA) 地位是一個強有力的象徵，它為我們最親密的全球合作夥伴在國防貿易和安全合作領域提供額外的利益。

“As Beijing continues to seek to coerce and isolate Taiwan there should be no doubt or ambiguity about the depth and strength of our determination to stand with the people of Taiwan and their democracy,” said Chairman Menendez. “The Taiwan Policy Act of 2022 represents a seminal statement of the United States’ absolute commitment to stand with Taiwan and all those who share our interests and our values in the Indo-Pacific in the face of Beijing’s military, economic, and diplomatic threats and bullying. The United States and our partners have a critical window of opportunity to reinvigorate our diplomatic strategy to assure cross-Strait stability and security and to work with Taipei to modernize their military; embed them in the region’s economic architecture; combat Beijing’s political influence and misinformation campaigns; and develop deeper ties between our two peoples. I thank Senator Graham for working with me on this landmark legislation to send a clear message to Beijing not to make the same mistakes with Taiwan that Vladimir Putin has made in Ukraine.”

“I’m very pleased to be working with Senator Menendez to strengthen the U.S.-Taiwan relationship.  Our bill is the largest expansion of the military and economic relationship between our two countries in decades,” said Senator Graham. “When it comes to Taiwan, our response should be that we are for democracy and against communist aggression. We live in dangerous times. China is sizing up America and our commitment to Taiwan.  The danger will only grow worse if we show weakness in the face of Chinese threats and aggression toward Taiwan.  I’m hopeful we will receive large bipartisan support for our legislation and that the Biden Administration will sign on in support.”

Today’s introduction follows an April 2022 Congressional Delegation led by Senators Menendez and Graham to Australia, Taiwan and Japan, which included meetings with the President of Taiwan Tsai Ing-wen, National Security Council Secretary-General Welling Koo, Foreign Minister Joseph Wu,  and Defense Minister Kuo-Cheng Chiu.  In December of last year, Chairman Menendez also convened a full Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing to explore the future of U.S. policy on Taiwan, where the Committee received testimony from Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs the Honorable Daniel Kritenbrink and Assistant Secretary of Defense for Indo-Pacific Security Affairs the Honorable Ely Ratner.

A copy of the Taiwan Policy Act of 2022 can be found HERE. Click HERE for a section-by-section summary of the legislation.

The Taiwan Policy Act of 2022

TITLE I: United States Policy Toward Taiwan

• This title reaffirms the Taiwan Relations Act and the Six Assurances; establishes objectives to support the security of Taiwan and its democratic, economic, and military institutions; and creates new mechanisms to deter PRC aggression towards Taiwan. This title directs the federal government to engage with the democratic government of Taiwan as the legitimate representative of the people of Taiwan, prohibits restrictions on federal government official interaction with their counterparts in the Government of Taiwan, directs the Secretary of State to negotiate the renaming of the “Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office” to the “Taiwan Representative Office” and requires Senate confirmation for the Director of the American Institute in Taiwan and bestows the title “Representative” for such office.  重申《台灣關係法》和六項保證；確立支持台灣及其民主、經濟和軍事機構安全的目標； 並建立新的機制來阻止中國對台灣的侵略。指示聯邦政府以台灣人民的合法代表身份與台灣民主政府接觸，禁止限制聯邦政府官員與台灣政府同行的互動，指示國務卿談判更名將「台北經濟文化代表處」改為「台灣代表處」，並要求參議院審核美國在台協會理事主席，並授予該辦公室「代表處」稱號。

TITLE II: Implementation of an Enhanced Defense Partnership Between the United States and Taiwan

• This title amends Section 2(b)(5) of the TRA by expanding the provision of arms to Taiwan from being in a “defensive manner” to “arms conducive to deterring acts of aggression by the People’s Liberation Army”. This title also authorizes the federal government to strengthen security cooperation with Taiwan and otherwise deter the PLA aggression against Taiwan, regardless of formal diplomatic status, and affirms that nothing in the Act may be construed to constitute an obstacle to any otherwise lawful action of the President or U.S. Government Agency pertaining to U.S. interests in Taiwan. This title establishes the Taiwan Security Assistance Initiative, which authorizes $4.5 billion over four years in Foreign Military Financing, and prioritizes Taiwan’s requests for assistance. The federal government is directed to fortify, grow, and report on Taiwan’s self-defense and resilience capabilities by regularly assessing, planning for, and deterring aggression by the People’s Liberation Army and creating a comprehensive training program to improve Taiwan’s defense. Finally, this title increases annual war reserves stockpile additions from $200 million to $500 million for the purposes of supporting Taiwan’s defense, and bolsters U.S. commitment to Taiwan’s security by designating it as a major non-NATO ally.  修訂了《貿易協定》第 2(b)(5) 條，將向台灣提供的武器從「防禦性方式」擴大到「有助於威懾中國人民解放軍侵略行為的武器」。該標題還授權聯邦政府加強與台灣的安全合作，並以其他方式阻止解放軍對台灣的侵略，無論其正式外交地位如何，併申明該法案中的任何內容均不得被解釋為對總統的任何其他合法行動構成障礙或與美國在台灣利益有關的美國政府機構。該標題確立了台灣安全援助計劃，該計劃在四年內授權 45 億美元的外國軍事融資，並優先考慮台灣的援助請求。聯邦政府被指示通過定期評估、計劃和威懾中國人民解放軍的侵略，並製定全面的培訓計劃以改善台灣的防禦，來加強、發展和報告台灣的自衛和恢復能力。最後，為了支持台灣的防禦，這個標題將每年的戰爭儲備增加從 2 億美元增加到 5 億美元，並通過將台灣指定為主要的非北約盟友來加強美國​​對台灣安全的承諾。

TITLE III: Countering People’s Republic of China’s Aggression and Influence Campaigns

• This title directs the State Department to develop and implement strategic guidance and capacity building measures for Taiwan’s private and public sector to respond to disinformation, cyberattacks, and propaganda by China, and establishes a coordinated partnership through the American Institute in Taiwan’s Global Cooperation and Training Framework with like-minded governments to share data and best practices with Taiwan to address power operations supported by the Government of China. Further, this title directs the Secretary of State to submit a strategy for responding to the People’s Republic of China’s increased economic coercion against countries who increase their ties or support for Taiwan.  指示國務院為台灣公私部門制訂和實施戰略指導和能力建設措施，以應對中國的虛假信息、網絡攻擊和宣傳，並通過美國台灣研究所的全球合作和培訓框架建立協調夥伴關係與志同道合的政府分享數據和最佳實踐，以解決中國政府支持的電力運營問題。此外，指示國務卿提交一份戰略，以應對中華人民共和國對增加聯繫或支持台灣的國家的經濟脅迫。

TITLE IV: Inclusion of Taiwan in International Organizations

• This title establishes U.S. policy to promote inclusion and participation of Taiwan in international organizations, and directs the Permanent Representative of the U.S. to the United Nations and other relevant representatives to leverage their voice and vote to promote Taiwan’s inclusion and meaningful participation in international organizations. Supports Taiwan’s participation in the Inter-American Development Bank to diversify the institution’s donor base and facilitate Taiwan’s continued contribution to the development of Latin American and Caribbean economies, and authorizes the Secretary of State to endorse and pursue non-borrowing Inter-American Development Bank membership for Taiwan. Finally, this title amends subsection (a) of section 2 of the TAIPEI Act to address U.N. Resolution 2758’s lack of position on Taiwan’s representation and sovereignty, and includes the United States’ opposition to any initiative that would change Taiwan’s status without consent. 修訂了《台北法案》第 2 條第 (a) 款，以解決聯合國第 2758 號決議在台灣代表權和主權問題上缺乏立場的問題，並包括美國反對任何未經同意而改變台灣地位的倡議。

TITLE V: Enhanced Development and Economic Cooperation Between the United States and Taiwan

• This title presents findings on the importance of economic partnership, including the U.S.-Taiwan Economic Prosperity Partnership Dialogue, Taiwan’s contribution to American security and prosperity including diversification of supply chain security, employment growth, and a free and open economy in the Indo-Pacific. Also states that it is the Sense of Congress that the United States should finalize the Trade and Investment Framework Agreement with Taiwan, incorporate Taiwan into the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework, and establish Custom’s and Border Patrol pre-clearance facilities in Taiwan.  有關經濟夥伴關係重要性的調查結果，包括美台經濟繁榮夥伴關係對話、台灣對美國安全和繁榮的貢獻，包括供應鏈安全的多樣化、就業增長以及印太地區的自由開放經濟。還表示，美國應該與台灣敲定貿易和投資框架協議，將台灣納入印太經濟框架，並在台灣建立海關和邊境巡邏預通關設施，這是國會的立場。

TITLE VI: Supporting United States Educational and Exchange Programs with Taiwan

• The title is the Taiwan Fellowship Act, which establishes a fellowship exchange program for U.S. federal government employees in all three branches of government to learn, live, and work in Taiwan for a length of up to two years. Upon successful conclusion of the program, fellows must fulfill a service requirement in their sponsoring branch of government where they will be equipped to advance U.S. values and interests in the Indo-Pacific region, with special emphasis on strengthening our strategic partnership with Taiwan. 《台灣獎學金法》，它為美國聯邦政府所有三個政府部門的僱員設立了一個獎學金交流計劃，以便在台灣學習、生活和工作長達兩年。成功完成該計劃後，研究員必須在其贊助政府部門滿足服務要求，他們將有能力在印太地區推進美國的價值觀和利益，特別強調加強我們與台灣的戰略夥伴關係。

TITLE VII: Miscellaneous Provisions

• The bill establishes policy on supporting Taiwan’s position in bilateral and multilateral dialogues, advances the Taiwan Travel Act, and prohibits the undermining of U.S. policy in Taiwan by encouraging a code of conduct for engaging with the PRC. 確立支持台灣在雙邊和多邊對話中的立場的政策，推進《台灣旅行法》，並通過鼓勵制定與中華人民共和國接觸的行為準則來禁止破壞美國在台灣的政策。

TITLE VIII: Sanctions Measures for Cross-Strait Stability

• The bill creates a robust sanctions regime to deter individuals and entities in the People’s Republic of China’s (PRC), who whether themselves or through proxies, escalate hostilities in or against Taiwan including by: undermining, overthrowing, or dismantling the Government of Taiwan and interfering with Taiwan’s territorial integrity.  該法案建立了強有力的制裁制度，以阻止中華人民共和國（PRC）的個人和實體，無論他們自己或通過代理人，提升在台灣或針對台灣的敵對行動，包括：破壞、推翻或解散台灣政府，以及干涉台灣領土完整。

TITLE IX: Rule of Construction

• Reaffirms that nothing in this Act shall be construed as entailing restoration of diplomatic relations with Taiwan or altering the United States Government’s position on Taiwan’s international status.  重申本法中的任何內容均不得解釋為導致與台灣恢復外交關係或改變美國政府對台灣國際地位的立場。