美國政府新設部門 因應中國軍事與科技挑戰 報呱 20210313

【縛雞之見】

Navy: Project Overmatch
Army: Project Convergence
Air Force: Advanced Battle Management System
The JCF is to utilize all the military resources efficiently under one purpose, not to waste any of them. 
It is the combat level Joint Chiefs of Staff of the Joint Chiefs of Staff to me, or more precisely an advanced version of the Air-Land Battle in the 1970s.
But it is an old system, which is incapable to meet the challenge today.  The challenge today is so quick, through IT and AI, leaving no room for traditional staff to acknowledge the situations and discuss the responses.
The keywords are "unmanned systems" and "long-range firing" to connect dispersed navy vessels across oceans.  And the "potential conflicts with advanced adversaries" refers to China.  China has to wage war against the U.S. and the allies all over the world as a whole, which is a war it can not afford.

美國政府新設部門 因應中國軍事與科技挑戰    報呱 20210313

拜登入主白宮之後，美國政府出現一些結構調整和創新，近來比較引人注目的有國防部新成立的「優勝計畫」（Project Overmatch），這是將所謂的「聯合全域指揮控制」（JADC2）概念付諸實踐而成立的新辦公室。週一（3 月 8 日）美國海軍並且對外證實，已經將網路及 IT 系統的控制權限移轉給「優勝計畫」，以便未來戰事整備工作。在此之前，與網路和 IT 相關的權限分屬於海軍部的海事、空中及資訊戰爭三個系統指揮部。

美國軍事媒體的報導指出，JADC2 的目標是要透過感應驅動數據來整合陸上、海中、空中與網路的作戰領域，並以使用人工智慧（AI）的機器來處理新產生的資訊，也就是「軍事的物聯網」。報導並指出去年國防部已經就此從事過幾次能力測試。海軍軍令部長吉爾迪上將（Michael Gilday）最近造訪過「優勝計畫」辦公室後表示，資訊在未來的軍事活動中扮演關鍵角色，而「優勝計畫」則讓美國面對對手佔有決定性的優勢，因此是軍方的重要優先工作項目之一。

與此同時，聯邦參議院正試圖通過《民主科技夥伴關係法》（Democracy Technology Partnership Act），期望在國務院內成立跨機構的辦公室，其主要目標在於結成民主國家之間的科技夥伴關係，以共同對抗中國。這裡所謂的科技範圍廣泛，包括共同研發、協調外交控制，以及 5G 網路、人工智慧、量子電腦的投資篩選等等，也包括其他新興的科技領域。

美國媒體指出，掌控這些領域的技術就能夠掌控現代國際政治、經濟和戰爭，而「美國希望確保極權國家，也就是中國共產黨，無法在此勝出」。

起草這項法案的民主黨籍聯邦參議員華納（Mark Warner）及梅南德茲（Bob Menendez）表示，這是一個能夠獲得兩黨支持的法案，通過之後將使美國得以和價值相同的民主國家協力在新興技術領域對抗中國，同時協助確立全球性的市場標準和協定。

華納和梅南德茲表示，若不結盟，美國靠一己之力無法對抗中國，因為中國大量補貼國家企業，對外釋出各種誘因，並對訂定國際標準的組織強力施壓，對外國企業施加不公平限制，此外還盜竊智慧財產權。若是法案獲得通過，則將新設專責的科技大使，並有來自商務部和財政部的副手協助，在國際上建立多邊的夥伴協作關係。

​參考新聞來源：​
2021/03/08　Fed Scoop（美國聯邦獨家）　Navy reorganizes JADC2 project office, boosting tech authorities
2021/03/05　C4ISRNET（美國情報軍事網）　Exclusive: Navy transfers network authorities to Project Overmatch office
2021/03/05　Fed Scoop（美國聯邦獨家）　Senators envision International Technology Partnership to oppose China’s dominance of emerging tech

 

 

物聯網（Internet of Things, IoT）
一種計算設備、機械、數位機器相互關聯的系統，具備通用唯一辨識碼（UID），並具有通過網路傳輸數據的能力，無需人與人、或是人與設備的互動。 物聯網將現實世界數位化，應用範圍十分廣泛。 物聯網可拉近分散的資料，統整物與物的數位資訊。目前市面上製造業和能源產業廣泛運用了機器對機器通訊，以便追蹤機械作業、回報錯誤，及發出服務警示。

目前，市場上最為消費者所熟知的物聯網感應器或裝置，應屬活動與健身類監測器（例如 Nike FuelBand 和 Fitbit）、 Google Glass 可穿戴式電腦，以及英國天然氣公司（British Gas）的 Hive 連線暖氣系統。運動器材製造商亞瑟士（ASICS）透過 Salesforce 開發了「支持你的馬拉松英雄」（Support Your Marathoner）網站，當系統偵測到跑者鞋子上的識別標籤時，跑道旁的螢幕便會播放為選手加油的影片。

物聯網正在迅速地發展，預計到 2020 年將涵蓋 300 億至 750 億個裝置，從智慧型手環、玩具、相框，到醫療設備、地震感測器和飛機，無所不包。

參考資料：維基百科、Salesforce.com, inc.

 

Exclusive: Navy transfers network authorities to Project Overmatch office    C4ISRnet 20210304

WASHINGTON — The U.S. Navy has transferred authorities over networks and IT systems to a newly created office dedicated to Project Overmatch, the service’s plan for a connected force for future battles, C4ISRNET has learned.

The Navy shifted several network and IT-related technical authorities held by Naval Sea Systems Command, Naval Air Systems Command and Naval Information Warfare Systems Command to the direct report program manager for Project Overmatch, according to a memo C4ISRNET obtained.

“As a DRPM, effective immediately, Project Overmatch has all program authorities for Research and Development, Acquisition and Sustainment programs related to warfighting networks, including the networking needs for unmanned systems and long range fires,” stated the memo dated Feb. 23.  “In addition, the DRPM is responsible for developing a unified approach to the data, infrastructure and tools and analytics needed at the operational and tactical levels to execute DMO [distributed maritime operations] as envisioned.”

Under that vision for potential conflicts with advanced adversaries, the Navy’s ships could be dispersed across a wide area but connected by a secure network.

Project Overmatch is the Navy’s effort to enable that all-connected force for the Pentagon’s priority plan of Joint All-Domain Command and Control, in which sensors and shooters are linked across domains.  Rear Adm. Douglas Small, who leads the project, was named the direct report program manager in an October memo, and he reports to the assistant secretary of the Navy for research, development and acquisition.

The move will give Small authority over the “applicable” war-fighting networks, technical architectures and standards, and will “expand authorities to include data management designs and standards for platform integration and data interoperability.”

The memo is signed by Frederick Stefany, acting assistant secretary of the Navy for research, development and acquisition, and Adm. William Lescher, vice chief of naval operations.

表單的底部

“The memo signed by Mr. Stefany and ADM Lescher is the next step in codifying CNO’s October 2020 memo.  This recent memo enables the transfer of requisite authorities to RADM Small so he can effectively and efficiently execute the CNO’s directives,” said Lt. Courtney Callaghan, spokesperson for the Navy.  “Critical to Project Overmatch is the development of networks, infrastructure, data architecture, tools and analytics that support the operational and developmental environment that will enable sustained maritime dominance using manned and unmanned systems.”

The Project Overmatch DRPM will also be tasked with developing a unified approach to the data, infrastructure, tools and analytics “needed at the operational and tactical levels to execute DMO as envisioned.”

The DRPM will also include a senior executive service deputy director position that will focus on Overmatch and staffing needs, working with leaders inside the Navy’s Digital Integration Support Cell and necessary program integration offices “to ensure a ‘whole of Navy’ enterprise team across Program Executive Offices (PEO) and System Commands (SYSCOM).”

Additionally, all science and technology efforts related to war-fighting networks and advanced data architectures and analytics will fall under the DRPM, according to the memo.

The Navy’s move to consolidate Overmatch responsibilities underneath one office is important as the military services look to break down stovepipes to move toward Joint All-Domain Command and Control.  The Army and Air Force have similar projects, Project Convergence and Advanced Battle Management System, respectively.