the Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 5.b Taimocracy摘要翻譯 20160815/20190827

Trading with the Enemy Act of 1917 5.b    Taimocracy摘要翻譯20160815/20190827

https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/html/uscode50a/usc_sec_50a_00000005----000-.html

 

§ 5. Suspension of provisions relating to ally of enemy; regulation of transactions in foreign exchange of gold or silver, property transfers, vested interests, enforcement and penalties

監管敵國盟國之金、銀等外匯、財產移轉、既得權益、強制與罰款之移轉管制

 

(a) The President, if he shall find it compatible with the safety of the United States and with the successful prosecution of the war, may, by proclamation, suspend the provisions of this Act [sections1 to 6, 7 to 39, and 41 to 44 of this Appendix] so far as they apply to an ally of enemy, and he may revoke or renew such suspension from time to time; and the President may grant licenses, special or general, temporary or otherwise, and for such period of time and containing such provisions and conditions as he shall prescribe, to any person or class of persons to do business as provided in subsection (a) of section four hereof [section 4 (a) of this Appendix], and to perform any act made unlawful without such license in section three hereof [section 3 of this Appendix], and to file and prosecute applications under subsection (b) of section ten hereof [section 10 (b) of this Appendix]; and he may revoke or renew such licenses from time to time, if he shall be of opinion that such grant or revocation or renewal shall be compatible with the safety of the United States and with the successful prosecution of the war; and he may make such rules and regulations, not inconsistent with law, as may be necessary and proper to carry out the provisions of this Act [said sections]; and the President may exercise any power or authority conferred by this Act [said sections] through such officer or officers as he shall direct.

（a）總統如果認為可符合美國安全並成功贏得戰爭，可以通過宣布暫停本法的規定[第1至6,7至39和41條]到本附錄的第44條]，只要它們適用於敵人的盟友，他可不時撤銷或延長這種暫停；總統可簽發特別或一般、臨時或其他許可證，並在該段時間內，並載有訂明的條文及條件，以供根據（a）款所規定的經營業務的任何人或類別的許可證。第四節[本附錄第4（a）節]，以及在本[附錄第3節]第3節中未經許可而作出的任何非法行為，並根據第10條（b）款提交和起訴申請本[附錄第10（b）節]；如果總統認為這種授予或撤銷或續期應符合美國的安全並成功起訴戰爭，他可以不時撤銷或續簽這些許可證；並且總統可以制訂這些不違反法律的規則和條例，這些規則和條例可能是執行本法規定的必要和適當的[上述部分]；總統並可指示官員行使本法案[所述章節]賦予的任何權力或權力。

 

If the President shall have reasonable cause to believe that any act is about to be performed in violation of section three hereof [section 3 of this Appendix] he shall have authority to order the postponement of the performance of such act for a period not exceeding ninety days, pending investigation of the facts by him.

如果總統有合理的理由相信任何行為即將違反本附錄第3節[第3節]的規定，他有權命令延遲執行該行為，以等待他調查事實，但不得超過九十天。

 

(b)

(1) During the time of war, the President may, through any agency that he may designate, and under such rules and regulations as he may prescribe, by means of instructions, licenses, or otherwise—

(b)(1) 戰時，總統得指定任何機關，並透過指令、執照或其他以制訂任何規則，俾進行

(A) investigate, regulate, or prohibit, any transactions in foreign exchange, transfers of credit or payments between, by, through, or to any banking institution, and the importing, exporting, hoarding, melting, or earmarking of gold or silver coin or bullion, currency or securities, and

(A) 對任何由金融機構間，或透過金融機構之外匯、貸款或付款之移轉，金銀幣、金銀條、通貨或證券之進口、出口、囤積、銷融或重新標示，進行調查、管制或禁止；且

(B) 對   在美國管轄下進行調查、管制、指示與強制、強迫，廢止，廢止、避免或禁止任何取得、持有、使用、移轉、撤回、運輸、進口或出口等交易，或行使任何有關牽涉任何或與任一外國有利益之交易之財產之權利、權力或特權

 

(B) investigate, regulate, direct and compel, nullify, void, prevent or prohibit, any acquisition holding, withholding, use, transfer, withdrawal, transportation, importation or exportation of, or dealing in, or exercising any right, power, or privilege with respect to, or transactions involving, any property in which any foreign country or a national thereof has any interest, by any person, or with respect to any property, subject to the jurisdiction of the United States; and any property or interest of any foreign country or national thereof shall vest, when, as, and upon the terms, directed by the President, in such agency or person as may be designated from time to time by the President, and upon such terms and conditions as the President may prescribe such interest or property shall be held, used, administered, liquidated, sold, or otherwise dealt with in the interest of and for the benefit of the United States, and such designated agency or person may perform any and all acts incident to the accomplishment or furtherance of these purposes; and the President shall, in the manner hereinabove provided, require any person to keep a full record of, and to furnish under oath, in the form of reports or otherwise, complete information relative to any act or transaction referred to in this subdivision either before, during, or after the completion thereof, or relative to any interest in foreign property, or relative to any property in which any foreign country or any national thereof has or has had any interest, or as may be otherwise necessary to enforce the provisions of this subdivision, and in any case in which a report could be required, the President may, in the manner hereinabove provided, require the production, or if necessary to the national security or defense, the seizure, of any books of account, records, contracts, letters, memoranda, or other papers, in the custody or control of such person.

（B）調查，規範，指示和強制，廢除，撤銷，阻止或禁止任何持有，扣留，使用，轉讓，撤回，運輸，進口或出口，或經營或行使任何權利，或任何外國或其國民對任何人有利益的財產，或涉及美國管轄的任何財產的任何財產的特權或涉及的交易；任何外國或其國民的任何財產或利益，應當在總統指示的條件下，在總統不時指定的代理機構或人員的條件下，並按照這些條款予以歸屬。總統可規定此類利益或財產的條件，應為美國的利益而持有，使用，管理，清算，出售或以其他方式處理，並且該指定的機構或個人可以執行任何和所有為實現或促進這些目的而發生的行為；而總統應按上文所述方式，要求任何人以報告或其他方式保存完整記錄，並以其他方式提供有關該分部所提述的任何作為或交易的完整資料。在其完成期間或之後，或相對於任何外國財產權益，或與任何外國或其任何國家擁有或已經擁有任何利益的任何財產有關，或者在執行在任何可能需要報告的情況下，總統可以按照上文規定的方式，要求由該人保管或控制之任何帳簿，記錄，生產或必要時向國家安全或國防部門查封，契約，信件，備忘錄或其他文，。

 

(2) Any payment, conveyance, transfer, assignment, or delivery of property or interest therein, made to or for the account of the United States, or as otherwise directed, pursuant to this subdivision or any rule, regulation, instruction, or direction issued hereunder shall to the extent thereof be a full acquittance and discharge for all purposes of the obligation of the person making the same; and no person shall be held liable in any court for or in respect to anything done or omitted in good faith in connection with the administration of, or in pursuance of and in reliance on, this subdivision, or any rule, regulation, instruction, or direction issued hereunder.

（2）根據本分部或任何規則，條例，指示或指令，向美國賬戶或為美國賬戶作出，或以其他方式指示的任何付款，轉讓，轉讓，轉讓或交付財產或權益根據本協議發布的，在其範圍內，應為其所有目的的完全無罪釋放和解除義務；任何人不得在任何法院就任何與本細分的管理，依據或依據本條，或任何規則，規例，指示或善意，而善意作出或遺漏的事情或任何法律責任下文發出的指示。

 

(3) As used in this subdivision the term “United States” means the United States and any place subject to the jurisdiction thereof: Provided, however, That the foregoing shall not be construed as a limitation upon the power of the President, which is hereby conferred, to prescribe from time to time, definitions, not inconsistent with the purposes of this subdivision, for any or all of the terms used in this subdivision. As used in this subdivision the term “person” means an individual, partnership, association, or corporation.

（3）如本細則所用，「美國」一詞係指美國及受其管轄的任何地方：但前提是，上述內容不得解釋為對總統權力的限制，即 特此授予不時規定與本細分所用的任何或所有術語不同的，與本細分目的不一致的定義。 如在該細分中所使用的，「人」一詞意指個人，合夥，協會或公司。

 

(4) The authority granted to the President by this section does not include the authority to regulate or prohibit, directly or indirectly, the importation from any country, or the exportation to any country, whether commercial or otherwise, regardless of format or medium of transmission, of any information or informational materials, including but not limited to, publications, films, posters, phonograph records, photographs, microfilms, microfiche, tapes, compact disks, CD ROMs, artworks, and news wire feeds. The exports exempted from regulation or prohibition by this paragraph do not include those which are otherwise controlled for export under section 5 of the Export Administration Act of 1979 [section 2404 of this Appendix], or under section 6 of that Act [section 2405 of this Appendix] to the extent that such controls promote the nonproliferation or antiterrorism policies of the United States, or with respect to which acts are prohibited by chapter 37 of title 18, United States Code.

（4）本節授予總統的權力，不包括直接或間接管制或禁止從任何國家進口或出口到任何國家（無論是商業用途還是其他用途）的權力，無論其格式或媒介如何。傳輸，任何信息或信息材料，包括但不限於出版物，電影，海報，留聲機唱片，照片，縮微膠片，縮微膠片，磁帶，光盤，CD ROM，藝術品和新聞送絲。本款免除監管或禁止的出口不包括根據1979年“出口管理法”[本附錄第2404條]第5節或根據該法第6節出口控制出口的出口[本節第2405條]附錄]如果此類控制措施促進美國的防擴散或反恐政策，或美國法典第18章第37章禁止的行為。

 

 

美國總統得與任何美國之敵國及敵國之盟國等與外國間，以及一國以上居住之人之外匯交易、金、銀、金塊或通貨之進出口，以及所有人、用途限定保管，任何型態之銀行帳戶匯款…以及負債、資產證據文件之移轉等，要用許可制或其他方法，予以調查、管制或禁止。