【縛雞之見】
疾病名稱與病毒名稱,是兩件事情。
武漢肺炎「病毒」正式名稱:第二代SARS病毒(SARS-CoV-2)
比起國際病毒分類委員會冠狀病毒研究小組,比較關心的是病毒的種類、基因、所屬之類,而不是疾病名稱,或通用名稱(如WHO避免染上中國味的名稱)。
武漢肺炎病毒長怎樣?美實驗室公布清晰影像 科技新報 20200217
疫情爆發甫一個多月、造成逾 4 萬人確診感染的新型冠狀病毒,放在顯微鏡下觀察的樣子為何?美國過敏與傳染病國家研究所(NIAID)近日發布了新型冠狀病毒詳細圖像,外觀與 MERS
和 SARS 病毒極為相似。
冠狀病毒是可在人畜之間傳播的病毒,由於冠狀病毒在電子顯微鏡下呈球狀或橢圓形,上有規則排列的囊狀膠原纖維突,形似皇冠,故得此名。冠狀病毒會引起人類呼吸道感染,目前已知感染人類的冠狀病毒共有 7 種,如造成大規模疫情的中東呼吸綜合徵(MERS)、嚴重急性呼吸綜合症(SARS)、這陣子爆發的新型冠狀病毒(正式名稱 SARS-CoV-2,之前暫稱 2019-nCoV,簡稱武漢肺炎)等。
截至 2 月 17 日,新型冠狀病毒全球確診病例接近 7 萬例,死亡 1,670 例,大多數病例集中在中國。
近日,NIAID 實驗室從一名感染新型冠狀病毒的美國患者分離出病毒,利用掃描穿透式電子顯微鏡拍下病毒形貌,再藉後製幫病毒與細胞著色以區別。下圖可見,擠在一起的黃點就是武漢肺炎病毒,藍色、粉紅色則是細胞表面。
國際病毒分類委員會冠狀病毒研究小組最近對此病毒基因組定序,認為新病毒與 2002~2003
年間流行的 SARS 病毒屬於同一「物種」,因此給予正式名稱 SARS-CoV-2,但許多科學家對此表示不滿與困惑,因為新型冠狀病毒與 SARS 病毒會帶來截然不同的疾病。有關病毒的命名爭議或許還會持續一段時間,簡單點,就繼續簡稱武漢肺炎病毒吧。
Naming the 2019 Coronavirus
|
UPDATE: The virus causing the current outbreak of coronavirus disease has
been named "severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2).
The manuscript describing the name also reports
the work of the ICTV Coronaviridae Study Group that determined the virus
belongs to the existing species, Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus.
The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) is concerned with
the designation and naming of virus taxa (i.e.
species, genus, family, etc.) rather than
the designation of virus common names or disease names.
For an outbreak of a new viral disease, there
are three names to be decided: the disease, the virus
and the species. The World Health
Organization (WHO) is responsible for the first, expert virologists for the second,
the ICTV for the third.
As experts on coronaviruses, the ICTV Coronaviridae
Study Group is currently studying the classification
(taxonomy) of the new virus. And given
that they are experts on this family of viruses,
they are also contributing their expertise to the naming
of the virus.
The disease name (which may be different from the virus name) will be designated
by a panel appointed by the WHO. The WHO
provides clear guidelines for naming of new human diseases:
"WHO
issues best practices for naming new human infectious diseases"
"WHO Best Practices for the Naming of New Human Infectious Diseases"
"WHO Best Practices for the Naming of New Human Infectious Diseases"
The following article may also be of interest:
"Naming diseases: First do no harm"
"Naming diseases: First do no harm"
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