【Comment】
主權國家才能承認另一國家與政府，今天法新社報導：「美國要求聯合國 承認瓜伊多為委內瑞拉領導人」是撈過界，或是誤解？
查UN新聞：
In the ensuing discussion, Michael R. Pence, Vice-President of the United
States, called upon the Council to stand up for democracy and the rule of law
in a nation which has suffered so much. Describing Venezuela as a failed State, he said that, while the chaos could
spread, the fight for freedom is just beginning. “Nicolas Maduro must go,” he added,
emphasizing that now it is time for the United Nations to speak in a clear
voice. “All options are on the table,”
he emphasized, noting that the United States is drafting
a resolution intended to have the Organization recognize
opposition leader Juan Guaidó, President of the National Assembly, as the legitimate President of the Republic.
彭斯演講的原文是
This body should revoke the credentials of Venezuela’s
representative to the United Nations, recognize Interim President Juan Guaidó,
and seat the representative of the free Venezuelan government in this body
without delay.
背景是美國首先與53國承認臨時總統為合法總統，加上中美洲國家承認臨時總統的代表合法性。所以彭斯呼籲：安理會應取消委內瑞拉總統派駐UN代表的資格，立即承認自由委內瑞拉政府臨時總統Juan Guaidó與其派駐安理會代表之資格。
這樣看起來，可能只是針對代表資格的承認。至於政權承認，仍然是各國的事情。一如1971年的2758號，之後造成雪崩的外交承認效果。
美國要求聯合國 承認瓜伊多為委內瑞拉領導人 法新社 20190411
美國副總統彭斯今天要求聯合國承認瓜伊多是委內瑞拉合法領導人，並由他派委內瑞拉駐聯合國大使。 彭斯（Mike Pence）告訴安理會，美國將提交草案給聯合國，目的是要承認反對派領袖瓜伊多（Juan
Guaido），指派他的代表為委內瑞拉駐聯合國大使，並撤銷馬杜洛（Nicolas
Maduro）代表的資格。彭斯說：「是讓聯合國承認臨時總統瓜伊多為委內瑞拉合法總統，並在這個機構安置他的代表的時候了。」馬杜洛則在電視演說中反擊，表示彭斯「在聯合國安理會中讓自己像個笨蛋」。馬杜洛說：「我無法了解他的傲慢和自負，及他的種族至上主義。」馬杜洛控告美國，在彭斯重申「所有選擇都已放上檯面」後，威脅要採「軍事入侵」。美國是約50個承認瓜伊多的國家之一，瓜伊多是委內瑞拉反對派領袖，在1月宣布為臨時總統，取代他認為非法取得政權的馬杜洛。馬杜洛在委國軍方、俄羅斯、中國的支持下，仍舊保持控制力，上個月俄羅斯向委內瑞拉派兵，提高美俄間的緊張程度。彭斯認為馬杜洛為委內瑞拉帶來「剝奪」，若不採取行動，「混亂與磨難只會散佈開來」，此區域已經湧入數以百萬計移民。
Pence at a Special Session of the
United Nations Security Council on the Crisis in Venezuela | New York, NY
FOREIGN POLICY
Issued on: April 10, 2019
SHARE:
United Nations Headquarters
New York, New York
11:06 A.M. EDT
THE VICE PRESIDENT: Mr. Secretary
General, Mr. President, to all the members of the Security Council: I am here
today, on behalf of the President of the United States of America, to discuss the
ongoing crisis in Venezuela and to call on this body to stand up for democracy
and the rule of law in that nation that has suffered so much.
Article 24 of the U.N. Charter confers on this Security Council the
“responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security.” As another American President said many years
ago, “The United Nations is designed to make possible lasting freedom and
independence for all its members.” It is
why this institution exists.
For six long years, the people of Venezuela have suffered under the heavy
hand of oppression. The Maduro regime’s
socialist policies have shrunk their economy by nearly half. In what was once one of the wealthiest
countries in our hemisphere, 9 out of 10
people now live in poverty. The average
Venezuelan has lost more than 20 pounds through deprivation and
malnutrition. Thousands of Venezuelan
children are starving. And at this very
hour, infants in hospitals across Venezuela are dying for lack of basic medical
care.
And the Maduro regime, in the midst of this deprivation and suffering,
has used violence and intimidation against anyone who opposes their
actions. In the last three months, the
regime has thrown at least 1,255 people into jail, without any due process of
law, and killed at least 40 protestors.
That’s the nature of the regime that we’re dealing with.
But the Maduro regime is not only a threat to the Venezuelan people; it
is a threat to peace and security of the wider region as well. The rising desperation in Venezuela has
fueled a mass exodus, the likes of which we have never seen in the Western
Hemisphere. More than 3 million
Venezuelans have now abandoned their beloved country. And if things don’t get better, it is
estimated that another 2 million are expected to follow before the year is out.
And traveling through the region, my wife and I witnessed the results of
this deprivation firsthand. At a church
in Manaus, Brazil, we spoke to families who had fled the deprivation in
Venezuela. And I’ll never forget when a
father looked at me with his two young boys standing at his side and said how
hard it was as a father to come home at the end of the day and say, “We’re not
eating today.” And as he said it, his
two little boys looked up and nodded, recalling those days.
And then there was the day in Cartagena, Colombia, at another mission
where Venezuelan people had fled the deprivation in their country. And a grandmother told me how it had gotten
so bad in their small rural town, her grandchildren had had to rise at four in
the morning to get a single ticket to purchase a piece of bread at four in the
afternoon. The children were
starving. And she gathered up her
grandchildren and fled the country.
Those are the stories the world deserves to hear of deprivation.
And the truth is, those who stay behind are subject to crime, violence,
and lawlessness. Thieves in Venezuela
don’t rob banks; they rob restaurants for food.
Vicious gangs and so-called colectivos have turned the streets into
warzones. And Venezuela now has the
highest murder rate in the world, as more than 70 people are murdered every
single day.
Venezuela is a failed state, and as
history teaches, failed states know no boundaries. Drug traffickers, criminal gangs, even
terrorists like Hezbollah, are exploiting the chaos in Venezuela to gain a
foothold in the region and export crime and violence. Were we to let the crisis continue, the chaos
and suffering will only spread.
The struggle in Venezuela is between dictatorship and democracy. Nicolás Maduro is a dictator with no
legitimate claim to power, and Nicolás Maduro must go.
But for all of the suffering of the Venezuelan people, across Venezuela,
in cities large and small, people are rising up. They’re rising up against their oppression
and deprivation. Today, those courageous
Venezuelans will take to the streets again.
And as President Trump said not long ago, “the fight for freedom [in
Venezuela] has [just] begun.”
Just three short months ago, after Nicolás Maduro was sworn into his
second term stolen in a sham election, the National
Assembly — the only duly elected body in Venezuela — exercised its power
under the constitution and recognized a new leader: Interim
President Juan Guaidó.
And all across the Western Hemisphere, nations have been standing up to
declare their support for President Guaidó.
Last month, the Inter-American Development
Bank voted to seat President Guaidó’s representative. Earlier this week, the G7 issued a statement
saying the May 2018 presidential election lacked legitimacy and calling on the
Maduro regime to, in their words, “restore the
authority of the National Assembly.”
And just yesterday, the Organization of
American States –- the oldest regional organization in the world –- voted to stand with the Venezuelan people and recognize
the Guaidó government’s representative as the only true representative of
Venezuela.
At President Trump’s direction, the United
States was proud to be the first nation to recognize Interim President Juan
Guaidó as the legitimate President of Venezuela. And today, 54
nations have joined us.
The Western Hemisphere has spoken with a clear voice. Nations across the world have spoken. It’s time for the United Nations to speak.
In February, the United States
introduced a resolution to this Security Council that called for the
restoration of democracy in Venezuela and for the Maduro regime to allow all
humanitarian aid to enter the country.
The resolution was not approved.
Two nations which continue to back this brutal regime used their vetoes
to stop this body from taking action.
And while Russia and China continue
to obstruct the Security Council, rogue states like Iran and Cuba are doing all
they can to prop up the Maduro regime.
For decades, Cuba has tried to create client states across our
region. While normal countries export
goods, Cuba exports tyranny and strong-arm tactics. Even now, Cuban military and intelligence
services train and support and equip Venezuela’s secret police as they silence
opponents, jail and torture members of the opposition.
Last week, the United States took action to sanction ships transporting
Venezuelan oil to Cuba. And soon, at
President Trump’s direction, the United States will announce additional action
to hold Cuba accountable for its malign influence in Venezuela.
And this week, in addition to Cuba’s action, Caracas received a
delegation from Iran to begin direct air service between these two rogue
capitals. This blacklisted airline is
used to export terrorism by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, which
President Trump formally designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization on
Monday.
This is the company that Nicolás Maduro keeps. And these nations continue to prop him up
even as he inflicts suffering on the Venezuelan people. Just two months ago, the dictator in Caracas
actually danced while his own citizens were shot and truckloads of desperately
needed food and medicine burned.
Unlike nations that are subsidizing the dictator in Caracas, under the
leadership of President Donald Trump, the United States has been standing with
the people of Venezuela, and we are committed to helping the families and
communities that have been devastated by the Maduro regime.
At this point, the United States has
sanctioned more than 150 government officials and organizations loyal to the
dictator. We’ve sanctioned state-owned
businesses to prevent the Maduro regime from robbing the people of what is rightfully
theirs. And as President Trump
has said, we can be “a lot tougher.”
In addition, the United States has positioned more than 500 metric tons
of food and humanitarian supplies on the Venezuelan border ready for immediate
distribution. We’ve provided $200
million in aid to support displaced Venezuelans and the host communities that
support them. And today, at President
Trump’s direction, the United States is announcing an additional $60 million in
humanitarian assistance to address this crisis.
The United States of America will continue to exert all diplomatic and
economic pressure to bring about a peaceful transition to democracy in
Venezuela. But all options are on the
table.
Up to this point, while other international bodies have acted, the United
Nations and this Security Council have refused to act. But now that nations across this hemisphere
have spoken, the time has come for the United
Nations to recognize Interim President Juan Guaidó as the legitimate President
of Venezuela and seat his representative in this body.
This body should revoke the credentials of Venezuela’s
representative to the United Nations, recognize Interim President Juan Guaidó,
and seat the representative of the free Venezuelan government in this body
without delay.
With all due respect, Mr. Ambassador, you shouldn’t be here. You should return to Venezuela and tell
Nicolás Maduro that his time is up. It’s
time for him to go.
Members of this Security Council: The men, women, and children in
Venezuela are suffering. Their economy
has been destroyed. Their democracy has
been destroyed. The people of Venezuela
are paying the price. And soon, the
region and the world will pay the price if we fail to act.
There can be no bystanders to this history. For the peace and security of our hemisphere,
the world and the United Nations must stand with the people of Venezuela.
To that end, the United States is preparing a
resolution recognizing the legitimacy of the government of Interim President
Juan Guaidó. And today, we urge
every member of the Security Council and all U.N. member states to support this
resolution. Stand with the Venezuela
people as they rise up to restore freedom, democracy, and libertad to their
nation. And this they are doing; they
are rising up against intimidation and violence. Even today, the people of Venezuela are
taking to the streets to march for freedom.
Despite all the hardship, they continue to march. Despite all of the oppression, they continue
to march. Despite the opposition, they
continue to march with courage and strength because they’re marching for
freedom. And in the words of Simón
Bolivar, “A people that loves freedom will in the end be free.”
But it’s time for the United Nations to act and for the world to stand
with the people of Venezuela as they march to freedom.
History has taught us what happens when the civilized nations of the
world allow oppression to go unchecked.
When a brutal dictatorship arose in Europe, the world failed to
respond. Millions of lives were lost in
the Second World War. This very
institution was forged in the aftermath of that war so that nations around the
world could come together and confront dictatorship with one voice.
And so the United States is calling on the United Nations to live up to
its very purpose: Reject the failed leadership of Nicolás Maduro, and stand
with us, stand with nations across the world and across this hemisphere to help
the people of Venezuela forge a brighter future.
As President Trump has said, quote, “If the righteous many do not
confront the wicked few, then evil will triumph. When decent people and nations become
bystanders to history, the forces of destruction only gather power and
strength.”
So let us today rededicate ourselves to the mission upon which this body
was founded: to maintain international peace and security. And we have confidence that if we do that, if
we make every effort to be at peace, that the God of peace will guide us and
bless us, today, tomorrow, and always.
So thank you, Mr. President, for the honor of addressing you today. May God bless the people of Venezuela. And may God bless you all.
END
11:24 A.M. EDT
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