20140629：ISIS 建立伊斯蘭哈里發國

【Comment】

伊拉克敘利亞伊斯蘭國 (ISIS) 在6月29日宣言建立「伊斯蘭哈里發國」 (Islamic caliphate)。

這樣，它就從恐怖組織，變身為革命組織？

ＩＳＩＳ、カリフ制イスラム国の樹立宣言○朝日新聞 (2014.06.30) http://digital.asahi.com/articles/ASG6Z2QRNG6ZUHBI008.html?_requesturl=articles%2FASG6Z2QRNG6ZUHBI008.htmlamp;iref=comkiji_txt_end_s_kjid_ASG6Z2QRNG6ZUHBI008

イスラム過激派組織「イラク・シリア・イスラム国（ＩＳＩＳ）」は２９日、シリア北部からイラク中部にまたがる「イスラム国」の樹立を宣言した。アラビア語衛星テレビ「アルジャジーラ」などが伝えた。

　インターネット動画サイト「ユーチューブ」で配信されたＩＳＩＳのスポークスマン、アドナン師の声明によると、ＩＳＩＳ最高指導者のアブバクル・バグダディ師をイスラム教開祖ムハンマドの後継者を意味する「カリフ」に任命した。

　声明は「シリア北部のアレッポから（イラクの）ディヤラまで」を「イスラム国」とし、「世界中のイスラム教徒」に対し、バグダディ師をカリフとして認め、忠誠を誓うよう求めている。ＩＳＩＳはシリア東部からイラク北部のモスルやティクリートを制圧し、バグダッドの北東６０キロのディヤラ州に進出している。

　バグダディ師は１９７１年生まれで、イラク中部のサーマッラ出身。バグダッドのイスラム大学でイスラム学を修めた。２０１０年からＩＳＩＳの前身の「イラク・イスラム国（ＩＳＩ）」の最高指導者となった。

　ＩＳＩＳは国際テロ組織アルカイダの流れをくむが、シリア内戦後にシリアに影響力を広げたことから、アルカイダ指導部と関係が悪化している。ＩＳＩＳの「カリフ制イスラム国」の樹立宣言は、アルカイダ系組織で初めて「領土」を持ったＩＳＩＳがアルカイダ指導部に対して自分たちの正統性を主張する意味もあると見られる。

　カリフは７世紀のムハンマドの死後、彼の支持者の一人がイスラム共同体の指導者として選ばれたことに始まる。１９２２年のオスマン帝国のスルタンが退位して、帝国が滅亡したことでカリフ制も終わった。「イスラムの実現」を唱えるイスラム主義者の中には「カリフ制再興」を唱える思想が根強くある。（アルビル〈イラク北部〉＝川上泰徳）

Sunni rebels declare new 'Islamic caliphate'○ALJAZEERA (2014.06.30) http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/06/isil-declares-new-islamic-caliphate-201462917326669749.html

A Sunni armed group which controls large areas of Iraq and Syria has announced the establishment of a "caliphate" straddling the two countries, urging other groups to pledge allegiance.

In an audio recording released on Sunday, the group formerly known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant declared its chief, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, "the caliph" and "leader for Muslims everywhere".

"The legality of all emirates, groups, states and organisations becomes null by the expansion of the caliph's authority and the arrival of its troops to their areas," said the group's spokesman Abu Mohamed al-Adnani.  "Listen to your caliph and obey him.  Support your state, which grows every day.''

The group announced that it was now called the "Islamic State".  According to the statement, the new caliphate stretches from Iraq's Diyala province to Syria's Aleppo.

"The Shura [council] of the Islamic State met and discussed this issue [of the caliphate] ... the Islamic State decided to establish an Islamic caliphate and to designate a caliph for the state of the Muslims, said Adani.

"The words 'Iraq' and 'the Levant' have been removed from the name of the Islamic State in official papers and documents."

An official document was also released, in English and several other languages.

It describes Baghdadi as "the sheikh, the fighter, the scholar who practices what he preaches, the worshipper, the leader, the warrior, the reviver, descendant from the family of the Prophet, the slave of God".

It urges Muslims to "gather around your caliph, so that you may return as you once were for ages, kings of the earth and knights of war."

Al Jazeera's Imran Khan, reporting from Baghdad, said that a caliphate was effectively an Islamic republic led by one leader, regardless of national boundaries.

He added however that Sunni groups which have fought with the Islamic State group in Iraq have yet to pledge allegiance.

The announcement might cause problems with other Sunni fighters in Iraq, who are fighting the central government of Nouri al-Maliki and not for the caliphate, our correspondent said.

The group's announcement came as Iraq's army pressed its offensive to recapture the northern city of Tikrit.

Troops backed by helicopter gunships began an assault on the city on Saturday, while tanks and helicopters were sent to areas around Tikrit university on Sunday, security sources said.