中國空氣污染持續 嚴重影響全球氣候○法廣（2014.01.22）

【Comment】

Air pollution does impact climate, which has been confirmed by scholars.  Unlike the media that specified China as the source of pollution, the report of Nature Communicate indicated “Asian pollution.” 

Under the mood of nationalism, Chinese will by all means defend themselves, pointing out the fact that it is the western countries that transfer or out-source “pollution” to China from their homelands.  But it is China, or, more specifically, the tycoons in the Forbidden City and Shanghai who harvested the economic fruits from the said pollution.

The International Consortium of the Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) has released serial reports to expose how Chinese Communist cadres manage their corrupted assets by means of offshore banking systems.

They are interrelated: Chinese pollution, the global climate impact and the corruption assets in offshore banks.    revised at 2125

中國空氣污染持續 嚴重影響全球氣候○法廣（2014.01.22）

中國及亞洲一些新興經濟體國家空氣污染嚴重已使西北太平洋上的冬季颶風強度有所加強，這是《自然通訊》雜誌週二（21日）刊出的一項研究所做的結論。研究人員強調，中國改善大氣污染不僅對本國民眾健康十分重要，而且也關乎全球的氣候問題。

法新社引述《自然通訊》雜誌週二刊出的這項研究稱，自90年代中葉以來，伴隨著中國經濟騰飛，位於中國、日本和韓國東北部的中緯度冬季颶風，風力越來越大，並伴隨強降雨。有關的研究學者將颶風強度與這些地區污染情況聯繫起來認為，大氣中的微粒不僅改變了空氣中熱量的散播，也使雲層結構發生變化。

有關的研究指出，上述研究成果表明，中國改善大氣污染不僅對地區民眾健康十分重要，而且也關乎全球的氣候問題。消息說，目前，空氣污染造成中國城鎮居民患肺癌比例大增，已成為中國民眾主要擔憂的問題之一。中國前衛生部長陳竺等人日前在國際醫學期刊發文稱，空氣污染每年導致35萬-50萬中國人過早死亡。

針對空氣污染的治理，中國於去年9月10日發佈了《大氣污染防治行動計畫》，其中明確要求：到2017年，北京市細顆粒物年均濃度控制在60微克/立方米。

另據美國科學院的一份最新報告再次指出，中國的空氣污染持續嚴重，跨越國界，向周邊國家蔓延，甚至已經跨過太平洋，影響到美國西海岸城市，導致這裡的空氣品質下降，可吸入顆粒物增加。報告說，美國空氣中，36%的二氧化硫、27%的碳氧化合物、22%的一氧化碳和17%的黑炭來自中國，而這些都與中國為製造出口商品而導致化學物質排放量被提高有關。

報告指出，如果世界上的二氧化碳排放量繼續增加，到2100年，全球氣溫將再提高2攝氏度。農業、林業、生態系統及人類健康等方面，將進一步遭受氣候變化帶來的危險。

http://www.chinese.rfi.fr/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD/20140122-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A9%BA%E6%B0%94%E6%B1%A1%E6%9F%93%E6%8C%81%E7%BB%AD-%E4%B8%A5%E9%87%8D%E5%BD%B1%E5%93%8D%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E6%B0%94%E5%80%99

Asian pollution climatically modulates mid-latitude cyclones following hierarchical modelling and observational analysis○Nature Communication（2014.01.21）

http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2014/140121/ncomms4098/full/ncomms4098.html

Increasing levels of anthropogenic aerosols in Asia have raised considerable concern regarding its potential impact on the global atmosphere, but the magnitude of the associated climate forcing remains to be quantified.  Here, using a novel hierarchical modelling approach and observational analysis, we demonstrate modulated mid-latitude cyclones by Asian pollution over the past three decades.  Regional and seasonal simulations using a cloud-resolving model show that Asian pollution invigorates winter cyclones over the northwest Pacific, increasing precipitation by 7% and net cloud radiative forcing by 1.0 W m⁻² at the top of the atmosphere and by 1.7 W m⁻² at the Earth’s surface.  A global climate model incorporating the diabatic heating anomalies from Asian pollution produces a 9% enhanced transient eddy meridional heat flux and reconciles a decadal variation of mid-latitude cyclones derived from the Reanalysis data.  Our results unambiguously reveal a large impact of the Asian pollutant outflows on the global general circulation and climate.