【Comment】
北京的反應會是什麼呢？對上國際法庭這件事。
中方（解放軍副總參謀長戚建國）說，中國與東盟國家關於島嶼爭議的對話暢通，不主張把這一問題訴諸國際法庭。
1950年，蘇聯也不理會安理會。結果變成聯合國出兵，中國是侵略者。
美國律師在國際法庭助菲挑戰中國○VOA（2013.10.16）http://www.voafanti.com/gate/big5/www.voachinese.com/content/china-us-law-20131015/1770256.html
華盛頓律師保羅·賴克勒(Paul Reichler) 大部分的律師生涯都用來代表小國與大國打官司，他今年接的新案子，是代表菲律賓在聯合國對中國提出訴訟。賴克勒是美國律師事務所Foley Hoag的訴訟律師。
華爾街日報星期二刊登了對賴克勒採訪的內容。賴克勒代表馬尼拉政府，對北京當局宣稱對幾乎整個南中國海，所謂的“九段線”擁有主權的主張，依據1982年聯合國海洋公約(United Nations
Convention on the Law of the Sea)在海牙的國際法庭提出仲裁訴訟。
報道説，國際法庭已經指派一個5人法官小組來處理這個案子，並且規定菲律賓政府必須在明年3月前提出證據。這是中國首次被提到國際法庭作為訴訟的被告。中國外交部並沒有針對這個問題做出評論，不過北京曾説，它不會理會這個法律訴訟。
賴克勒説，通常這種國際訴訟從開始到結束要3到5年的時間，如果中國不參與提出抗辯，這個案子進行的速度將會加快，或許在明年底之前就可以結案。
對於是否擔心接此案可能得罪中國的問題，賴克勒表示，他和他在律師事務所的同僚，過去處理訴訟時就已經面對了同樣的選擇，是為正義而戰還是避免刺激那些有錢有權的勢力？他説，“我們成為律師就是要為正義而戰，我們從來沒有對應該如何選擇猶豫過。”
北京頭痛時間：國際法庭將仲裁黃岩島
【Comment】
The president of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) under the United Nations Convention of Law of Sea (UNCLOS) appointed Polish judge after German judge as the second member of the five-members arbitration tribunal. The Polish judge, as an amicus curiae, plays as a the part of China, for the latter kept rejecting the arbitration.
China signed and approved UNCLOS, meaning she has to honor treaty obligation while enjoying the rights. Beijing’s continuous rejection suggests that China is reluctant to be as a decent player of the international community.
On the other hand, Xi Jin-ping was asserting his newly invented “fit my feet” to defend Chinese stance of the sovereignty utmost.
No one knows what path Xi will take: Beijing either walks out on the UNCLOS, just as Japan Empire did in March 27th, 193,3 and further agitates Chinese Nationalism domestically, or shifts her nationalist the Nine-dash-lines improper policy of territorial waters and sabotage her legitimacy to rule.
As the third party to the case and the dispute, Japanese ambassador expressed to the Philippines that it was “understandable” and added “we are not taking sides,” just like what the US pointed out referring to the Senkakus dispute. revised on 20130327
The president of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (ITLOS) under the United Nations Convention of Law of Sea (UNCLOS) appointed Polish judge after German judge as the second member of the five-members arbitration tribunal. The Polish judge, as an amicus curiae, plays as a the part of China, for the latter kept rejecting the arbitration.
China signed and approved UNCLOS, meaning she has to honor treaty obligation while enjoying the rights. Beijing’s continuous rejection suggests that China is reluctant to be as a decent player of the international community.
On the other hand, Xi Jin-ping was asserting his newly invented “fit my feet” to defend Chinese stance of the sovereignty utmost.
No one knows what path Xi will take: Beijing either walks out on the UNCLOS, just as Japan Empire did in March 27th, 193,3 and further agitates Chinese Nationalism domestically, or shifts her nationalist the Nine-dash-lines improper policy of territorial waters and sabotage her legitimacy to rule.
As the third party to the case and the dispute, Japanese ambassador expressed to the Philippines that it was “understandable” and added “we are not taking sides,” just like what the US pointed out referring to the Senkakus dispute. revised on 20130327
有趣在這裡：因中國抵制，庭長任命第三國籍（波蘭）法官代表中國出庭，這是使用仲裁庭的「法庭之友」（amicus curiae）。德國法官為五人仲裁團成員之一，還剩三位近日補足。
一國接受國際法（或特定條約）意味著該國在享受權利的同時，也必須承擔義務。就UNCLOS而言，就是包括在滿足程序條件下接受仲裁的義務，而非權利。
一國接受國際法（或特定條約）意味著該國在享受權利的同時，也必須承擔義務。就UNCLOS而言，就是包括在滿足程序條件下接受仲裁的義務，而非權利。
相對的，習近平正在推銷「合腳論」，強調主權不容侵犯、不同的發展道路、多樣化而否定國際統一標準。
就習近平剛上台而言，此時的抉擇非常重要──中國會重蹈日本退出國際聯盟的歷史自行其是從而鼓動國族主義風潮，或是承認國族主義的不當從而影響北京政權之合法性基礎。
日本，對此表示 understandable ，但表示 we are not taking sides. 這和美國對尖閣的主權議題一樣，並非投機，而是自己身為法理上無關的第三方，雙方的爭議只能由雙方解決。
就習近平剛上台而言，此時的抉擇非常重要──中國會重蹈日本退出國際聯盟的歷史自行其是從而鼓動國族主義風潮，或是承認國族主義的不當從而影響北京政權之合法性基礎。
日本，對此表示 understandable ，但表示 we are not taking sides. 這和美國對尖閣的主權議題一樣，並非投機，而是自己身為法理上無關的第三方，雙方的爭議只能由雙方解決。
【環球時報綜合報導】菲律賓單方面將南海爭端提交國際海洋法法庭（ITLOS）的舉動出現新的進展。菲律賓外交部3月25日宣稱，由於中國拒絕回應菲律賓提交的仲裁，ITLOS現任庭長柳井俊二上周已經任命波蘭籍法官斯坦尼洛夫帕夫拉克代表中國出席法庭關於該爭議的仲裁。同時，德國籍法官、前ITLOS庭長呂迪格沃爾夫魯姆被任命為仲裁法庭成員。接下來30天內，柳井俊二將提名仲裁團剩餘的3個席位。根據《聯合國海洋法公約》，一旦國際仲裁法庭組成五方仲裁團，法庭將開始聽取雙方的論據，並根據國際法判斷哪一方的主張更合理。“中國接下來如何應對比較為難”，中國學者邢廣梅25日告訴《環球時報》記者。
“菲律賓在國際海洋法法庭狀告中國案取得巨大進展”，菲律賓GMA新聞網報導稱，菲外交部發言人赫爾南德斯25日在記者會上說，應菲律賓的要求，柳井俊二已任命帕夫拉克為中國方面仲裁代表。下一步，在收到菲律賓方面提出的書面申請後，ITLOS將提名仲裁團剩餘的3個席位。報導稱，如無異議，仲裁團最後3個席位應從當事國菲律賓和中國以外的國家公民中選出。
菲律賓Rappler新聞網稱，帕夫拉克和沃爾夫魯姆都是國際海洋法法庭高級法官，其中沃爾夫魯姆1996年10月起擔任國際海洋法法庭法官，2005年至2008年曾任庭長，也是菲律賓1月22日提交的仲裁聲明中主動指定的仲裁員。菲律賓《太陽星報》25日介紹稱，帕夫拉克2005年開始擔任國際海洋法法庭法官。他擁有華沙大學的法律博士學位，曾任波蘭駐聯合國代表、波蘭總統顧問、華沙大學國際關係和國際法教授。
國際海洋法法庭總部設在德國漢堡，1996年10月成立。2011年10月，柳井俊二出任國際海洋法法庭庭長，任期3年，也是首個出任這一職位的日本人。他的出任曾引起中韓等同日本有海洋領土爭端國家的集體擔憂。今年1月，菲律賓開始叫囂在國際海洋法法庭上反對中國在南海的“九段線”主張，並於21日提出仲裁申請，還要求中國配合。2月19日，中國駐菲律賓大使馬克卿約見菲律賓外交部官員，將菲律賓方面就中菲南海爭議提請國際仲裁的通知予以退回。而菲律賓外交部則強調，無論中國是否參與，菲律賓依然會敦促國際海洋法法庭組建五方仲裁團。
海軍軍事學術研究所法律研究室主任邢廣梅26日對《環球時報》表示，5人仲裁小組是根據《國際海洋法公約》第286條規定成立的。該條賦予爭端任何一方將有關爭議事項提交“具有管轄權”的法院或法庭的權利，接下來的強制程式意味著，不管爭端另一方是否同意，針對該事項的仲裁法庭都會成立。法庭成立後，不管另一方是否參與，法庭都會做出對雙方有約束力的仲裁結果。
據邢廣梅介紹，5人仲裁小組是仲裁法庭的主要構成部分，菲方已指定1名頗有經驗的德國籍仲裁員，中方此前表明立場，認定菲此次行為在事實和程式上不具備法理依據，所以放棄指定，於是出現由國際海洋法庭指定中方仲裁員的局面。仲裁小組的另外3人應由爭端雙方協議名單，如果中方繼續放棄，這3人也將由聯合國指派。
邢廣梅認為，靠外界指點，菲律賓在此次法律行動上展現了利用國際遊戲規則的一定水準，中國應對起來比較為難。接下來，國際海洋法法庭在初步仲裁階段將首先確認法庭是否對此案具有管轄權，邢廣梅說，如果該法庭能不受其他因素幹擾，從法理上理應做出對此案不具備管轄權的結論，並不受理菲律賓提交的仲裁。《聯合國海洋法公約》第15部分第3節第298條規定，如果當事方之間的爭端涉及到大陸或島嶼主權，則不應該接受強制仲裁。【環球時報駐德國特約記者 青木 環球時報記者 劉暢】
Sea tribunal names judge to PH arbitration case
vs China over Spratlys area◎Inquirer Global Nation（2013.03.25）http://globalnation.inquirer.net/70257/itlos-names-judge-to-ph-arbitration-case-vs-china-over-spratlys-area#ixzz2ObdFMw7x
MANILA, Philippines — The Philippines’ arbitration
case against China has moved a step forward after the president of the
International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea (Itlos) appointed the second
member of the ad hoc tribunal that would deliberate on the country’s bid to
stop Chinese incursions into the West Philippine Sea (South China Sea).
The Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA)
confirmed on Monday that the Itlos president, Judge Shunji
Yanai , appointed Polish Itlos
Judge Stanislaw Pawlak
to the panel last week, leaving only three more slots to be filled in the
tribunal.
Pawlak will join the panel with German Judge Rudiger
Wolfrum, the arbiter appointed by the Philippines when it announced its
arbitration bid in January.
The Polish judge’s appointment is the first for
Yanai, who took on the task of composing the arbitral panel after China
announced its rejection of the proceedings.
Under the United Nations Convention on the Law
of the Sea (Unclos), the international law the Philippines invoked in seeking
arbitration, the Itlos president has the power to appoint members of the panel in
case one party refuses to take part in the proceedings.
China waived its right to name its
representatives to the ad hoc panel upon formally announcing its rejection of
the proceedings.
“The next step will be for the Itlos president to appoint the other
three members of the arbitral tribunal upon the written request of the
Philippines,” DFA spokesperson Assistant Secretary Raul Hernandez
told a briefing on Monday.
He reiterated that the arbitration would be a
peaceful process to settle disputes in the contested waters.
“We stress that arbitration is a peaceful and
durable form of dispute settlement pursuant to international law,” said Hernandez .
The Philippines went to the UN in January in
hopes of halting Chinese incursions into the West Philippine Sea and nullifying
China’s nine-dash line, which encroaches into established Philippine maritime
boundaries.
The DFA had contended that the nine-dash line
was an “excessive claim in violation of international law, the Unclos.” Both
countries ratified the international law but disagreed on interpreting its
letter, particularly on the matter of maritime boundaries.
The move specifically seeks to stop the Chinese
occupation and construction on smaller islands in the West Philippine Sea that
are claimed by the Philippines and hopes to compel the Chinese to respect the
Philippines’ exclusive economic zone and continental shelf.
The DFA had said it took the legal action after
exhausting all other means to peacefully settle the dispute.
But China rejected the Philippines’ move citing
“indisputable sovereignty” over resource-rich territories in the West
Philippine Sea and asserted that the issue should be resolved through direct
negotiations between the two countries.
While impartial on the merits of the case,
several countries have expressed support for the Philippines’ decision to take
a peaceful step toward resolving the dispute, among them, the United States and
Germany. The United Nations also took the same position.
Japan, which has its own territorial dispute
with China over islands in the East China Sea, said the Philippines’ move was “understandable.”
“I think it’s understandable, the solution that
[the Philippines is] seeking… they are not using force and they are trying to
find the peaceful solution under the rule of law. So in that sense we totally
understand the Philippine action,” said Japanese Ambassador to the Philippines Toshinao Urabe
“We’re just waiting for what’s going to happen.
So we totally understand the action, but we’re not taking sides,” he said.
The envoy happens to know the Itlos president, a
compatriot, and remarked that the judge would be fair in handling the
arbitration case against China despite its dispute with Japan.
“It doesn’t matter [that the Itlos president is
Japanese]. It’s under the rule of law. And I know him. He’s a very impartial
person, a very understanding person and I don’t think he will use his position
to advance the national interest,” Urabe said.
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