「附條件」的國家承認 加拿大對巴勒斯坦國

【雙魚之論】
基於巴勒斯坦國的承諾，加拿大給予國家承認。Under the direct commitment of Palestine Authority, Canada gives its recognition of state to the State of Palestine.

加拿大總理卡尼就加拿大承認巴勒斯坦國發表聲明    加拿大總理 20250911

自1947年以來，歷屆加拿大政府的政策都是支持兩國方案，以實現中東的持久和平。該方案設想建立一個主權、民主、可行的巴勒斯坦國，與以色列國共同建立和平、安全的美好未來。

幾十年來，加拿大對這一目標的承諾建立在這樣的前提上：最終將透過談判解決實現這一結果。令人遺憾的是，這種可能性正逐漸嚴重地受到侵蝕，包括：

• 哈馬斯恐怖主義對以色列及其人民構成普遍威脅，最終導致 2023 年 10 月 7 日發生令人髮指的恐怖攻擊，哈馬斯長期以來以暴力拒絕以色列的生存權和兩國解決方案。
• 約旦河西岸和東耶路撒冷的屯墾區建設加速，定居者針對巴勒斯坦人的暴力行為也急劇增加。
• E1 解決計畫和今年以色列國會要求吞併西岸的投票等行動。
• 以色列政府對加薩人道災難的加劇，包括阻礙獲取食物和其他基本人道物資。

哈馬斯恐嚇以色列人民，壓迫加薩人民，造成可怕的苦難。哈馬斯必須釋放所有人質，徹底解除武裝，並且不得參與巴勒斯坦未來的治理。哈馬斯竊取了巴勒斯坦人民的利益，剝奪了他們的生命和自由，並且無權決定他們的未來。

現以色列政府正有條不紊地阻止巴勒斯坦建國的前景。它堅持不懈地在約旦河西岸擴建屯墾區，這違反了國際法。它在加薩的持續攻擊已造成數萬平民死亡，超過一百萬人流離失所，並引發了一場破壞性極強、本可避免的飢荒，這違反了國際法。如今，以色列現任政府公開宣稱的政策是「不會建立巴勒斯坦國」。

在此背景下，加拿大承認巴勒斯坦國，並願意與巴勒斯坦國和以色列國合作，共同建立和平的未來。加拿大此舉是國際社會協調一致努力的一部分，旨在維護兩國解決方案的可能性。加拿大並不幻想承認巴勒斯坦國是萬能藥，但這項承認與《聯合國憲章》所體現的自決和基本人權原則以及加拿大幾代以來的一貫政策高度一致。

承認巴勒斯坦權力機構領導的巴勒斯坦國，將賦予那些尋求和平共處和終結哈馬斯的人們力量。這絕不意味著將恐怖主義合法化，也絕不會獎勵恐怖主義。此外，這絕不會損害加拿大對以色列國、其人民及其安全的堅定支持——而這種安全最終只有透過實現全面的兩國解決方案才能得到保障。

巴勒斯坦權力機構已向加拿大和國際社會直接承諾進行亟需的改革，包括徹底改革其治理體系、在2026年舉行哈馬斯無法參與的大選以及實現巴勒斯坦國的非軍事化。加拿大將加強支持巴勒斯坦權力機構實施這項改革議程，目前該議程已取得進展。加拿大與國際夥伴一道，支持制定可靠的巴勒斯坦和平計畫、民主治理和明確的安全安排，並持續向加薩及加薩全境提供大規模的人道援助。

 

Statement by Prime Minister Carney on Canada’s recognition of the State of Palestine    Prime Minister of Canada 20250921

“Since 1947, it has been the policy of every Canadian government to support a two-state solution for lasting peace in the Middle East. This envisioned the creation of a sovereign, democratic, and viable State of Palestine building its future in peace and security alongside the State of Israel.

Over many decades, Canada’s commitment to this goal was premised on the expectation that this outcome would be eventually achieved as part of a negotiated settlement. Regrettably, this possibility has been steadily and gravely eroded, including by:

• The pervasive threat of Hamas terrorism to Israel and its people, culminating in the heinous terrorist attack of October 7, 2023, and Hamas’ longstanding violent rejection of Israel’s right to exist and a two-state solution.
• The accelerated settlement building across the West Bank and East Jerusalem, while settler violence against Palestinians has soared.
• Actions such as the E1 Settlement Plan and this year’s vote by the Knesset calling for the annexation of the West Bank.
• The Israeli government’s contribution to the humanitarian disaster in Gaza, including by impeding access to food and other essential humanitarian supplies.

Hamas has terrorized the people of Israel and oppressed the people of Gaza, wreaking horrific suffering. It is imperative that Hamas release all hostages, fully disarm, and play no role in the future governance of Palestine. Hamas has stolen from the Palestinian people, cheated them of their life and liberty, and can in no way dictate their future.

The current Israeli government is working methodically to prevent the prospect of a Palestinian state from ever being established. It has pursued an unrelenting policy of settlement expansion in the West Bank, which is illegal under international law. Its sustained assault in Gaza has killed tens of thousands of civilians, displaced well over one million people, and caused a devastating and preventable famine in violation of international law. It is now the avowed policy of the current Israeli government that ‘there will be no Palestinian state’.

It is in this context that Canada recognises the State of Palestine and offers our partnership in building the promise of a peaceful future for both the State of Palestine and the State of Israel. Canada does so as part of a co-ordinated international effort to preserve the possibility of a two-state solution. While Canada is under no illusions that this recognition is a panacea, this recognition is firmly aligned with the principles of self-determination and fundamental human rights reflected in the United Nations Charter, and the consistent policy of Canada for generations.

Recognising the State of Palestine, led by the Palestinian Authority, empowers those who seek peaceful coexistence and the end of Hamas. This in no way legitimises terrorism, nor is it any reward for it. Furthermore, it in no way compromises Canada’s steadfast support for the State of Israel, its people, and their security – security that can only ultimately be guaranteed through the achievement of a comprehensive two-state solution.

The Palestinian Authority has provided direct commitments to Canada and the international community on much-needed reforms, including to fundamentally reform its governance, to hold general elections in 2026 in which Hamas can play no part, and to demilitarize the Palestinian state. Canada will intensify efforts to support the Palestinian Authority’s implementation of this reform agenda, on which progress has already been made. With our international partners, Canada supports the development of a credible peace plan, democratic governance and clear security arrangements for Palestine, and the sustained, large-scale delivery of humanitarian aid into and throughout Gaza.”