【雙魚之論】英文拷到 G / D 找中文翻譯
On March 18, Russia will hold presidential elections, with Putin expected
to secure an overwhelming victory. Putin’s Presidential Address to the Federal
Assembly on February 29, 2024, highlights two main points:
1. It is the third time Putin formal
threats of using tactical nuclear weapons against external threats.
2. While Russia engages in aggression
against Ukraine and suppresses democracy, domestically, there is significant
investment in infrastructure and social welfare.
This reminds me of Chiang Kai-shek, who implemented a governance model akin to
enlightened despotism. The ruler prioritizes economic development while
discouraging political interference from the populace.
3月18日，俄羅斯將舉行總統選舉，普丁預計將獲得壓倒性勝利。這篇「國情咨文」有兩個重點：
1. 是普丁第三度正式威脅外界俄羅斯會使用（戰術）核武。
2. 俄羅斯在侵略烏克蘭、壓制民主之際，在國內卻是大舉建設與保障民生。
這讓我想到蔣經國，實施的是一種類似開明專制的統治模式。統治者會盡力發展經濟，交換人民不要碰政治。
20240229 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly 20240229 普丁聯邦國會演講 Taimocracy翻譯
President of Russia Vladimir Putin:
Senators, State Duma deputies, 俄羅斯總統普丁：各位參議員、國家杜馬代表，
Citizens of Russia, 俄羅斯公民，
The primary purpose of every Address
to the Federal Assembly is to offer a forward-looking perspective. Today, we will
discuss not only our short-term plans, but also our strategic objectives and matters
which, I believe, are instrumental in ensuring steady long-term development for
our country. 每一次向聯邦議會發表的演講的主要目的是提供前瞻性的觀點。今天，我們不僅要討論我們的短期計劃，還要討論我們的戰略目標和事項，我相信這有助於確保我國的長期穩定發展。
This programme of action and the specific
measures it includes largely result from my trips to the regions and the conversations
I had with workers and engineers at civilian and defence plants, as well as with
doctors, teachers, researchers, volunteers, entrepreneurs, large families, with
our frontline heroes, volunteers, soldiers and officers of the Russian Armed Forces.
Of course, it’s clear that these conversations, these meetings don’t come out of
nowhere – they are organised. Still, these exchanges do offer people an opportunity
to talk about their pressing needs. Many ideas came from major civil society and
expert forums. 這項行動綱領及其所包含的具體措施很大程度上來自我對這些地區的訪問以及我與民用和國防工廠的工人和工程師以及與醫生、教師、研究人員、志願者、企業家、大家庭、與我們的前線英雄、志願者、俄羅斯武裝部隊的士兵和軍官一起。當然，很明顯，這些對話、這些會議並不是憑空而來的——它們是有組織的。儘管如此，這些交流確實為人們提供了談論他們迫切需求的機會。許多想法來自主要民間社會和專家論壇。
The proposals submitted by our people,
their aspirations and hopes became the foundation, served as the main pillar of
the projects and initiatives that will be also announced today, during this Address.
It is my hope that public discussion on these topics will continue, since it is
only together that we can fulfil all our plans. In fact, we have major tasks ahead
of us. 我們人民提交的提案、他們的願望和希望成為了今天在本演講中宣布的項目和舉措的基礎和主要支柱。我希望有關這些主題的公開討論能夠繼續下去，因為只有共同努力，我們才能實現我們所有的計劃。事實上，我們面臨重大任務。
We have already proven that we can
deliver on the most challenging objectives and respond to any challenges, even the
most formidable ones. For example, there was a time when we fended off international
terrorist aggression and preserved our national unity,
preventing our country from being torn into pieces. 我們已經證明，我們能夠實現最具挑戰性的目標並應對任何挑戰，甚至是最艱鉅的挑戰。例如，我們曾經抵禦過國際恐怖主義的侵略，維護了民族團結，沒有讓我們的國家四分五裂。
We supported our brothers and sisters;
we supported their decision to be with Russia, and this year marks the tenth anniversary
of the legendary Russian Spring. But even now, the energy, sincerity and courage
of its heroes – the people of Crimea, Sevastopol, and the rebellious Donbass – their love for the Motherland, which
they carried through generations, naturally makes one proud. This certainly inspires
us and strengthens our confidence that we will overcome anything, that we will be
able to do anything together. 我們支持我們的兄弟姊妹；我們支持他們與俄羅斯站在一起的決定，今年是傳奇的「俄羅斯之春」十週年。但即使是現在，克里米亞、塞瓦斯托波爾和叛逆的頓巴斯人民等英雄們的活力、真誠和勇氣，他們代代相傳的對祖國的熱愛，自然讓人感到自豪。這無疑激勵了我們，增強了我們的信心，讓我們相信我們能夠克服一切困難，我們能夠一起做任何事情。
This is how – all hands on deck – we
were able to eliminate the deadly threat of the Covid-19 pandemic just recently.
Moreover, by doing that, we also showed the world that values such as compassion,
mutual support and solidarity prevail in our society. 這就是我們最近如何——齊心協力——消除了 Covid-19 大流行的致命威脅。此外，我們也向世界展示了同情心、相互支持和團結等價值觀在我們的社會中盛行。
And today, when our Motherland is defending
its sovereignty and security, defending the lives of our compatriots in Donbass
and Novorossiya, our citizens are playing the decisive role in this righteous struggle
– their unity and devotion to our country, and our shared responsibility for its
future. 今天，當我們的祖國捍衛其主權和安全、捍衛頓巴斯和新俄羅斯同胞的生命時，我們的公民在這場正義鬥爭中發揮決定性作用——他們的團結和對祖國的奉獻，以及我們對祖國未來的共同責任。
They clearly and unequivocally demonstrated
these qualities at the very beginning of the special military operation, when it
was supported by the absolute majority of Russians. Despite the hardest trials and
bitter losses, people have remained adamant in their choice and are reaffirming
it by trying to do as much as possible for their country and for the common good. 他們在特別軍事行動一開始就明確無誤地展現了這些品質，當時得到了絕大多數俄羅斯人的支持。儘管經歷了最艱難的考驗和痛苦的損失，人們仍然堅定地堅持自己的選擇，並透過努力為自己的國家和共同利益做出盡可能多的努力來重申這一選擇。
Russian industries are working in three
shifts to roll out as many products as the front needs. The entire economy, which
provides the industrial and technological foundation for our victory, has shown
flexibility and resilience. I would like to thank every business leader, engineer,
worker and farmer for their responsible and hard work in the interests of Russia. 俄羅斯工業界正在實行三班制，以推出盡可能多的產品以滿足前線需求。整個經濟為我們的勝利提供了工業和技術基礎，展現了靈活性和韌性。我要感謝每一位商界領袖、工程師、工人和農民為了俄羅斯的利益而負責任和辛勤的工作。
Millions of people have joined the
We Are Together campaign and the Russian Popular Front’s project Everything for
Victory! Over the past two years, Russian businesses have donated billions of rubles
to volunteer organisations and charitable foundations that support our soldiers
and their families. 數百萬人加入了「我們在一起」運動和俄羅斯人民陣線的「一切為了勝利」計劃！過去兩年，俄羅斯企業向志工組織和慈善基金會捐贈了數十億盧布，以支持我們的士兵及其家人。
People send letters and parcels, warm
clothes and camouflage nets to the front; they donate money from their savings,
sometimes very modest. Again, this kind of assistance is invaluable – it is everyone's
contribution to the common victory. Our heroes at the frontline, in the trenches,
where it is most difficult, know that the whole country is with them. 人們向前線寄去信件、包裹、保暖衣物和迷彩網；他們從自己的積蓄中捐出錢財，有時捐獻的金額非常小。再次強調，這種援助是無價的──這是每個人為共同勝利做出的貢獻。我們在前線、在戰壕、在最困難的地方的英雄們知道，整個國家都與他們同在。
I would like to acknowledge the Defenders
of the Fatherland Foundation, the Committee of the Warriors of the Fatherland Families,
and other public associations for their tireless efforts. I urge the authorities
at all levels to continue providing unwavering support to the families of our heroes,
including their parents, spouses, and children, who anxiously await the safe return
of their loved ones. 我要感謝祖國保衛者基金會、祖國家庭戰士委員會和其他公共團體的不懈努力。我敦促各級當局繼續向焦急等待親人安全歸來的英雄家屬，包括他們的父母、配偶和孩子提供堅定支持。
I am grateful to the parliamentary
parties for uniting around national interests. Russia’s political system stands
as one of the pillars of our country’s sovereignty. We will continue to advance
democratic institutions and resist any external interference in our internal affairs. 我感謝議會各黨派圍繞國家利益團結起來。俄羅斯的政治體制是我國主權的支柱之一。我們將繼續推動民主制度，抵制任何外部勢力干涉我們的內政。
The so-called West, with its colonial
practices and penchant for inciting ethnic conflicts around the world, not only
seeks to impede our progress but also envisions a Russia that is a dependent, declining,
and dying space where they can do as they please. In fact, they want to replicate
in Russia what they have done in numerous other countries, including Ukraine: sowing
discord in our home and weakening us from within. But they were wrong, which has
become abundantly clear now that they ran up against the firm resolve and determination
of our multi-ethnic people. 所謂的西方，其殖民主義做法和在世界各地煽動種族衝突的傾向，不僅試圖阻礙我們的進步，而且還把俄羅斯想像成一個依賴、衰落和垂死的空間，在那裡他們可以為所欲為。事實上，他們想在俄羅斯複製他們在包括烏克蘭在內的許多其他國家所做的事情：在我們的國內散佈不和並從內部削弱我們。但他們錯了，這一點現在已經非常清楚，因為他們與我們多民族人民的堅定決心和決心相衝突。
Our soldiers and officers – Christians
and Muslims, Buddhists and followers of Judaism, people representing different ethnicities,
cultures, and regions – proved with their actions which are stronger than a thousand
words that the centuries-old cohesion and unity of the people of Russia are a formidable
and invincible force. All of them, shoulder to shoulder, are fighting for our shared
Motherland. 我們的士兵和軍官——基督徒和穆斯林、佛教徒和猶太教信徒，代表不同民族、文化和地區的人民——用他們的行動證明了俄羅斯人民數百年的凝聚力和團結比千言萬語更強大。一股強大而無敵的力量。他們並肩作戰，為我們共同的祖國奮鬥。
Together, as citizens of Russia, we
will stand united in defence of our freedom and our right to a peaceful and dignified
existence. We will chart our own course, to safeguard the continuity of generations,
and thus the continuity of historical development, and address the challenges facing
the country based on our outlook on the world, our traditions and beliefs, which
we will pass down to our children. 身為俄羅斯公民，我們將團結一致，捍衛我們的自由以及和平、有尊嚴的生存權。我們將制定自己的路線，維護世代相傳，從而維護歷史發展的連續性，並根據我們的世界觀、傳統和信仰應對國家面臨的挑戰，並將這些傳承給我們的子孫後代。
Friends, 朋友們
The defence and the strengthening of
sovereignty are going on across the board, primarily, on the frontlines, where our
troops are fighting with steadfast and selfless resolve. 保衛和加強主權正在全面展開，主要是在前線，我們的部隊正在以堅定和無私的決心戰鬥。
I am grateful to everyone who is fighting
for the interests of the Fatherland, who endure the crucible of military trials,
and put their lives on the line every day. The entire nation has the deepest respect
for your feat, mourns the dead, and Russia will always remember its fallen heroes. 我感謝每一位為祖國利益而戰、經受軍事考驗、每天冒著生命危險的人們。整個國家對你們的功績表示最深切的敬意，哀悼死者，俄羅斯將永遠記得死去的英雄。
(A moment of silence.) 沉默片刻。
Our Armed Forces have acquired a lot
of experience, including in terms of coordinating all the wings of the military,
as well as mastering the latest tactics and methods of war. This effort has given
us so many talented and seasoned commanders who treasure their men and are diligent
in performing their missions, know how to use new equipment and are effective when
fulfilling their assignments. I would like to emphasise that this is happening at
all levels, from platoons and operations units to the highest command. 我們的武裝部隊已經獲得了許多經驗，包括協調各軍種以及掌握最新的戰術和戰爭方法。這些努力為我們培養了一群有才華、經驗豐富的指揮員，他們珍惜自己的士兵，勤奮執行任務，懂得使用新裝備，有效率地完成任務。我想強調的是，這種情況發生在各個級別，從排和作戰部隊到最高指揮部。
We are aware of the challenges we face.
They do exist. That being said, we also know what needs to be done to address them.
There is an ongoing and unrelenting effort unfolding both along the frontlines and
in the rear in this regard in order to improve the striking power of the Army and
the Fleet, to make them more tech-savvy and effective. 我們意識到我們面臨的挑戰。它們確實存在。話雖如此，我們也知道需要採取哪些措施來解決這些問題。在這方面，前線和後方都在持續不懈地努力，以提高陸軍和艦隊的打擊力，使他們更加精通技術和有效。
The Armed Forces have expanded their
combat capabilities many-fold. Our units have seized the initiative and will not
surrender it. They are confidently advancing in several operational theatres and
liberating more territories. 武裝部隊的作戰能力已倍增。我們的部隊已經掌握了主動權，不會放棄。他們自信地在多個戰區推進並解放更多領土。
We were not the ones who started the
war in Donbass, but, as I have already said many times, we will do everything to
put an end to it, eradicate Nazism and fulfil all the objectives of the special
military operation, as well as defend sovereignty and ensure that our people are
safe. 我們不是頓巴斯戰爭的始作俑者，但是，正如我已經多次說過的那樣，我們將盡一切努力結束這場戰爭，剷除納粹主義，實現特別軍事行動的所有目標，並捍衛主權並確保我們人民的安全。
The strategic nuclear
forces are on full combat alert and the ability to use them is assured. We have either already accomplished
or are about to accomplish all our plans in terms of weapons in keeping with what
I said in my 2018 Address.
戰略核武力量處於全面戰備狀態，使用能力有保證。正如我在 2018 年演講中所說，我們已經完成或即將完成我們在武器方面的所有計劃。
Kinzhal, the hypersonic air-launched
complex, has not only entered combat duty, but has been effective when carrying
out strikes against critical targets during the special military operation. By the
same token, Zircon, a ship-based hypersonic missile complex, has already served
in combat. It was not even mentioned during the 2018 address, but this missile system
has also entered combat duty. 「匕首」高超音速空射複合體不僅已進入戰鬥值班，而且在特種軍事行動中對關鍵目標進行打擊時也發揮了有效作用。同樣，「鋯石」艦載高超音速飛彈系統已經投入戰鬥。 2018年的演講中甚至沒有提及，但該飛彈系統也已進入戰鬥值勤。
Avangard hypersonic ICBMs, as well
as the Peresvet laser complexes have also entered combat duty. Burevestnik, a cruise
missile with an unlimited range, is about to complete its testing stage and so is
the Poseidon, an unmanned underwater vehicle. These systems have proven that they
meet the highest standards and it would not be an exaggeration to say that they
offer unique capabilities. Our troops also received the first serially produced
Sarmat heavy ballistic missiles. Soon, we will show them to you on their combat
alert duty in the areas of their deployment.
「先鋒」高超音速洲際彈道飛彈以及「佩列斯韋特」雷射複合體也已進入戰鬥任務。無限射程巡航飛彈「Burevestnik」即將完成測試階段，無人水下航行器「海神」也即將完成測試階段。這些系統已經證明它們符合最高標準，毫不誇張地說它們提供了獨特的功能。我們的部隊也接收了第一批大量生產「薩爾馬特」重型彈道飛彈。很快，我們將向大家展示他們在部署地區執行戰鬥警戒任務的情況。
Efforts to develop several other new
weapons systems continue, and we are expecting to hear even more about the achievements
of our researchers and weapons manufacturers.
開發其他幾種新武器系統的努力仍在繼續，我們期待聽到更多關於我們的研究人員和武器製造商的成就。
Russia is ready for dialogue with the
United States on issues of strategic stability. However, it is important to clarify
that in this case we are dealing with a state whose ruling circles are taking openly
hostile actions towards us. So, they seriously intend to discuss strategic security
issues with us while simultaneously trying to inflict strategic defeat on Russia
on the battlefield, as they themselves say.
俄羅斯願意與美國就戰略穩定問題進行對話。然而，重要的是要澄清，在這種情況下，我們面對的是一個其統治圈對我們採取公開敵對行動的國家。因此，正如他們自己所說，他們認真地打算與我們討論戰略安全問題，同時試圖在戰場上對俄羅斯造成戰略失敗。
Here is a good example of their hypocrisy.
They have recently made unfounded allegations, in particular, against Russia, regarding
plans to deploy nuclear weapons in space. Such fake narratives, and this story is
unequivocally false, are designed to involve us in negotiations on their conditions,
which will only benefit the United States.
這是他們虛偽的一個很好的例子。他們最近就在太空部署核武的計劃提出了毫無根據的指控，特別是針對俄羅斯。這種虛假的敘述，以及這個故事顯然是錯誤的，意在讓我們參與有關他們的條件的談判，這只會讓美國受益。
At the same time, they have blocked
our proposal which has been on the table for over 15 years. I am referring to the
agreement on preventing the deployment of weapons in outer space, which we drafted
back in 2008. There has been zero reaction to it. It is totally unclear what they
are talking about. 同時，他們卻阻止了我們已經提出了15年多的提案。我指的是我們在2008年起草的關於防止在外空部署武器的協議。對此的反應為零。完全不清楚他們在說什麼。
Therefore, there are reasons to suspect
that the current US administration’s professed interest in discussing strategic
stability with us is merely demagoguery. They simply want to show to their citizens
and the world, especially in the lead-up to the presidential election that they
continue to rule the world, that they would talk with the Russians when it will
benefit them and that there is nothing to talk about and they will try to inflict
defeat on us otherwise. Business as usual, as they say. 因此，我們有理由懷疑，美國現任政府聲稱有興趣與我們討論戰略穩定只是一種煽動。他們只是想向自己的公民和世界表明，特別是在總統選舉之前，他們將繼續統治世界，當這對他們有利時，他們會與俄羅斯人交談，而且沒有什麼可談的。否則他們就會試圖讓我們失敗。正如他們所說，一切如常。
But this is unacceptable, of course.
Our position is clear: if you want to discuss security and stability issues that
are critical for the entire planet, this must be done as a package including, of
course, all aspects that have to do with our national interests and have a direct
bearing on the security of our country, the security of Russia. 但這當然是不可接受的。我們的立場很明確：如果要討論對整個地球至關重要的安全穩定問題，就必須一籃子地進行，當然包括涉及我們國家利益、直接影響到我們國家利益的所有方面。我國的安全，俄羅斯的安全。
We are also aware of the Western attempts
to draw us into an arms race, thereby exhausting us, mirroring the strategy they
successfully employed with the Soviet Union in the 1980s. Let me remind you that
in 1981–1988, the Soviet Union’s military spending amounted to 13 percent of GDP. 我們也意識到西方試圖將我們拉入軍備競賽，從而使我們筋疲力盡，這與他們在 20 世紀 80 年代對蘇聯成功採用的戰略如出一轍。我提醒大家，1981年至1988年，蘇聯軍費開支佔GDP的13%。
Our current imperative is to bolster
our defence industry in such a way as to increase our country’s scientific, technological
and industrial capabilities. We must allocate resources as judiciously as possible,
fostering an efficient economy for the Armed Forces, and maximising the return on
each ruble of our defence spending. It is crucial for us to expedite the resolution
of social, demographic, infrastructural and other problems we face while simultaneously
advancing the quality of equipment for the Russian Army and Navy. 我們目前的當務之急是加強國防工業，提升我國的科學、技術和工業能力。我們必須盡可能明智地分配資源，促進武裝部隊的高效經濟，並最大限度地提高每一盧布國防支出的回報。對我們來說，加快解決我們面臨的社會、人口、基礎設施和其他問題，同時提高俄羅斯陸軍和海軍的裝備品質至關重要。
This primarily applies to general-purpose
forces, refining the principles of their organisation and deploying advanced unmanned
strike systems, systems of air defence and electronic warfare, reconnaissance and
communications, high-precision weapons and other types of weapons to the troops. 這主要適用於通用部隊，完善其組織原則，為部隊部署先進的無人打擊系統、防空和電子戰系統、偵察通訊系統、高精度武器和其他類型的武器。
We need to shore up the forces in the
western strategic theatre in order to counteract the threats posed by NATO’s further
eastward expansion, with Sweden and Finland joining the alliance. 我們需要加強西部戰略戰區的力量，以因應瑞典和芬蘭加入北約進一步東擴所帶來的威脅。
The West has provoked conflicts in
Ukraine, the Middle East, and other regions around the world while consistently
propagating falsehoods. Now they have the audacity to say that Russia harbours intentions
of attacking Europe. Can you believe it? We all know that their claims are utterly
baseless. And at the same time, they are selecting targets to strike on our territory
and contemplating the most efficient means of destruction. Now they have started
talking about the possibility of deploying NATO military contingents to Ukraine. 西方一邊不斷散播謊言，一邊在烏克蘭、中東和世界其他地區挑起衝突。現在他們竟敢說俄羅斯有攻擊歐洲的意圖。你相信嗎？我們都知道，他們的說法毫無根據。同時，他們正在選擇襲擊我們領土的目標，並考慮最有效的破壞手段。現在他們開始討論向烏克蘭部署北約軍事特遣隊的可能性。
But we remember what happened to those
who sent their contingents to the territory of our country once before. Today, any
potential aggressors will face far graver consequences. They must grasp that we
also have weapons – yes, they know this, as I have just said – capable of striking targets on their
territory. 但我們記得那些曾經派遣特遣隊前往我國領土的人所發生的事。今天，任何潛在的侵略者都將面臨更嚴重的後果。他們必須認識到，我們也擁有能夠打擊其領土上目標的武器——是的，他們知道這一點，正如我剛才所說的。
Everything they are inventing now,
spooking the world with
the threat of a conflict involving nuclear weapons, which potentially means the end of civilisation – don’t they realise this? The problem
is that these are people who have never faced profound adversity; they have no conception
of the horrors of war. We – even the younger generation of Russians – have endured
such trials during the fight against international terrorism in the Caucasus, and
now, in the conflict in Ukraine. But they continue to think of this as a kind of
action cartoon. 他們現在促使的一切，都以涉及核武的衝突威脅嚇壞了世界，這可能意味著文明的終結——他們難道沒有意識到這一點嗎？問題是這些人從未經歷過深刻的逆境；他們對戰爭的恐怖毫無概念。我們——甚至是年輕一代的俄羅斯人——在高加索地區打擊國際恐怖主義的鬥爭中，以及現在在烏克蘭的衝突中，都經歷了這樣的考驗。但他們仍然認為這是一部動作片。
Indeed, just like any other ideology
promoting racism, national superiority or exceptionalism, Russophobia is blinding
and stupefying. The United States and its satellites have, in fact, dismantled the
European security system which has created risks for everyone. 事實上，就像任何其他宣揚種族主義、民族優越感或例外論的意識形態一樣，仇俄症令人眼花撩亂、令人震驚。事實上，美國及其衛星國已經瓦解了對每個人帶來風險的歐洲安全體系。
Clearly, a new equal and indivisible
security framework must be created in Eurasia in the foreseeable future. We are
ready for a substantive discussion on this subject with all countries and associations
that may be interested in it. At the same time, I would like to reiterate (I think
this is important for everyone) that no enduring international order is possible without a strong and sovereign
Russia. 顯然，在可預見的未來，歐亞大陸必須建立一個新的平等且不可分割的安全框架。我們準備好與所有對此感興趣的國家和協會就這一主題進行實質討論。同時，我想重申（我認為這對每個人都很重要），如果沒有強大和主權的俄羅斯，持久的國際秩序是不可能的。
We strive to unite the global majority’s
efforts to respond to international challenges, such as turbulent transformation
of the world economy, trade, finance, and technology markets, when former monopolies
and stereotypes associated with them are collapsing. 我們努力團結全球大多數人的努力，應對國際挑戰，例如世界經濟、貿易、金融和科技市場的動盪轉型，以及與之相關的壟斷和陳規定型觀念的崩潰。
For example, in 2028, the BRICS countries,
with account taken of the new members, will create about 37 percent of global GDP,
while the G7 numbers will fall below 28 percent. These figures are quite telling
because the situation was completely different just 10 or 15 years ago. You have
heard me say it publicly before. These are the trends, you see. These are the global
trends, and there is no escaping them since they are objective reality. 例如，到2028年，金磚國家（包括新成員）創造的GDP將佔全球的37%左右，而七國集團的數字將降至28%以下。這些數字很能說明問題，因為 10 或 15 年前的情況完全不同。你以前曾聽我公開說過。你看，這些都是趨勢。這是全球趨勢，是無法迴避的客觀現實。
Look, the G7 countries’ share in global
GDP in terms of PPP stood at 45.7 percent in 1992, while the BRICS countries (this
association did not exist in 1992) accounted for only 16.5 percent. In 2022, though,
the G7 accounted for 30.3 percent, while BRICS had 31.5 percent. By 2028, the percentage
will shift even more in favour of BRICS, with 36.6 percent, and the projected figure
for the G7 is 27.8 percent. There is no getting away from this objective reality,
and it will remain that way no matter what happens next, including even in Ukraine. 看一下，1992年，以購買力平價計算，七國集團國家在全球GDP的份額為45.7%，而金磚國家（1992年這個協會還不存在）只佔16.5%。但到 2022 年，七國集團佔 30.3%，金磚國家佔 31.5%。到 2028 年，這一比例將更有利於金磚國家，達到 36.6%，而七國集團的預期數字為 27.8%。這個客觀現實是無法迴避的，而且無論接下來發生什麼，情況都將如此，甚至在烏克蘭也是如此。
We will continue to work with friendly
countries to create effective and safe logistics corridors, relying on cutting-edge
solutions for building a new global financial architecture that would be free from
any political interference. This is especially important considering that the West
has been undermining its own currencies and banking system by literally sawing off
the branch it is sitting on. 我們將繼續與友好國家合作，打造有效、安全的物流走廊，並依靠尖端解決方案，建構不受任何政治干預的新的全球金融架構。考慮到西方一直在透過砍掉其所在的分行來破壞自己的貨幣和銀行體系，這一點尤其重要。
The principles of equality and respect
for each other’s interests guide us in our interactions with our partners. This
is why more and more countries have been proactive in seeking to be part of the
activities of the EAEU, the SCO, BRICS and other associations involving Russia.
We see a lot of promise in the project to build a Greater Eurasian Partnership and
aligning integration processes within the Eurasian Economic Union and China’s Belt
and Road Initiative. 平等和尊重彼此利益的原則指導我們與合作夥伴的互動。這就是為什麼越來越多的國家積累尋求參與歐亞經濟聯盟、上合組織、金磚國家和其他涉及俄羅斯的組織的活動。我們在該計劃中看到了建立大歐亞夥伴關係以及協調歐亞經濟聯盟和中國「一帶一路」倡議內一帶進程的巨大希望。
There has been positive momentum in
Russia’s dialogue with ASEAN. The Russia-Africa summits have been a real breakthrough,
with the African continent becoming increasingly assertive in pursuing its interests
and enjoying genuine sovereignty. We sincerely support these aspirations. 俄羅斯與東協對話呈現積極動能。俄羅斯—非洲峰會是一個真正的突破，非洲大陸在追求自身利益和享有真正主權方面變得越來越自信。我們真誠地支持這些願望。
Russia has long-standing and positive
relations with Arab states, which have their own unique and vibrant civilisation
spanning across North Africa and the Middle East. It is our belief that we must
find new points of convergence with our Arab friends and deepen our partnerships
across the board. The same vision will guide our relations with Latin America. 俄羅斯與阿拉伯國家有著長期而積極的關係，這些國家擁有橫跨北非和中東的獨特而充滿活力的文明。我們相信，我們必須找到與阿拉伯朋友新的契合點，深化我們的全面夥伴關係。同樣的願景將引導我們與拉丁美洲的關係。
On a separate note, I would like to
ask the Government to allocate more funding to international programmes for promoting
the Russian language and our multi-ethnic culture, primarily within the CIS space
but also across the world. 另外，我想請俄羅斯政府為主要在獨聯體地區以及世界各地推廣俄語和我們的多民族文化的國際計劃分配更多資金。
Incidentally, friends and colleagues,
I am sure that many of you have been to the Russia exhibition. People go there to
see how rich and vast our homeland is and to show this to their children. The Year
of the Family has been launched there. The values of love, mutual support and trust
are handed down from generation to generation, just like our culture, traditions,
history, and moral principles. 順便說一句，朋友們、夥伴們，相信你們很多人都去過俄羅斯展覽。人們去那裡是為了看看我們的祖國是多麼的富饒和廣闊，並向他們的孩子們展示這一點。那裡啟動了「家庭年」活動。愛、相互支持和信任的價值觀就像我們的文化、傳統、歷史和道德準則一樣，代代相傳。
But the main purpose of the family
is to have children, to procreate, to bring up children and hence to ensure the
survival of our multi-ethnic nation. We can see what is taking place in some countries
where moral standards and the family are being deliberately destroyed and entire
nations are pushed to extinction and decadence. We have chosen life. Russia has
been and remains a stronghold of the traditional values on which human civilisation
stands. Our choice is supported by the majority of people in the world, including
millions in Western countries. 但家庭的主要目的是生孩子、繁衍後代、養育孩子，從而確保我們多民族國家的生存。我們可以看到一些國家正在發生的事情，道德標準和家庭被蓄意破壞，整個民族被推向滅絕和頹廢。我們選擇了生活。俄羅斯過去是、現在仍然是人類文明所依賴的傳統價值的堡壘。我們的選擇得到了世界上大多數人的支持，包括數百萬人的西方國家。
True, today birth rates are declining
in Russia and many other countries. Demographers say that this challenge is related
to changes in social, economic, technological, cultural and value perceptions throughout
the world. Young people get an education, try to make a career, and improve their
living conditions, leaving children for later.
確實，如今俄羅斯和許多其他國家的出生率正在下降。人口統計學家表示，這項挑戰與全世界社會、經濟、技術、文化和價值觀觀念的變化有關。年輕人接受教育，努力開創事業，改善生活條件，把孩子留到以後再說。
It is obvious that the economy and
the quality of the social sector are not the only factors affecting demography and
the birth rate. The life choices encouraged in the family and by our culture and
education also have a tremendous impact. All levels of government, civil society,
and the clergy of all our traditional religions must contribute to this. 顯然，經濟和社會部門的品質並不是影響人口和出生率的唯一因素。家庭以及我們的文化和教育所鼓勵的生活選擇也會產生巨大的影響。各級政府、民間社會和我們所有傳統宗教的神職人員必須為此做出貢獻。
Support for families with children
is our fundamental moral choice. A multi-child family must become a norm, the underlying
social philosophy, and the focus of state strategy. (Applause.) I join your applause. 支持有孩子的家庭是我們基本的道德選擇。多子女家庭必須成為常態、社會理念、國家戰略重點。（掌聲）我加入你們的掌聲。
We must ensure sustainable growth in
the birth rate within the next six years. With this aim in view, we will make additional
decisions regarding the education system as well as regional and economic development.
I will speak about supporting families and improving the quality of their lives
in nearly all parts of the Address. Pease bear with me, for I have barely started.
Everything I have already said is important too, but now I will speak about the
most important issues. 我們必須確保未來六年出生率可持續成長。考慮到這一目標，我們將就教育系統以及區域和經濟發展做出更多決定。我將在演講的幾乎所有部分談論支持家庭和改善他們的生活品質。請耐心等待，因為我才剛開始。我已經說過的一切也很重要，但現在我將談論最重要的問題。
I will begin with a major issue, to
put it mildly, which is the low incomes experienced by many large families. In 2000,
more than 42 million Russians lived below the poverty line, but the situation has
changed dramatically since then. As of the end of last year, the number of people
living below the poverty line declined to 13.5 million which is also a lot, though.
But we are constantly focused on finding a solution to this problem. 我先從一個大問題開始，說得委婉一點，就是很多大家庭的收入很低。 2000年，超過4,200萬俄羅斯人生活在貧窮線以下，但此後情況發生了巨大變化。截至去年底，生活在貧窮線以下的人數下降至 1,350 萬人，但這也是一個很大的數字。但我們一直致力於尋找解決這個問題的方法。
A number of measures have been adopted
relatively recently. For example, a single monthly allowance for low-income families
was introduced on January 1, 2023. It is payable from the time a mother becomes
pregnant until the child reaches 17 years of age. Last year, more than 11 million
people received it. 最近採取了一些措施。例如，自2023年1月1日起，針對低收入家庭推出每月津貼。該津貼從母親懷孕時起支付，直至孩子年滿17歲為止。去年，超過 1100 萬人收到了它。
We have drastically simplified the
procedure for concluding a social contract, prioritising large families. Now, an
application for a social contract can be submitted through the Gosuslugi (government
services) website with a minimum set of documents. We will work to expand the availability
of this service, which will require extra funding to the tune of 100 billion rubles.
This money has already been set aside. In general, all the additional spending I
am going to mention has been budgeted. 我們大大簡化了簽訂社會契約的程序，優先考慮大家庭。現在，社會契約申請可以透過 Gosuslugi（政府服務）網站提交，並提供最少的文件。我們將努力擴大這項服務的可用性，這將需要額外資金 1,000 億盧布。這筆錢已經被預留了。總的來說，我要提到的所有額外支出都已列入預算。
To reiterate, poverty remains an acute
problem which now directly affects more than 9 percent of the population. According
to experts, the poverty rate among families with many children is about 30 percent.
We must set clear goals and consistently achieve them. By 2030, the overall poverty
rate in Russia must be below 7 percent, and for large families, it must be no more
than 12 percent, or less than half of today’s 30 percent. That is, we must place
special emphasis on the effort to reduce poverty, first and foremost for families
with many children. 重申一下，貧窮仍然是一個嚴重問題，目前直接影響超過 9% 的人口。根據專家估計，多子女家庭的貧窮率約為30%。我們必須設定明確的目標並持續實現它們。到2030年，俄羅斯的整體貧窮率必須低於7%，對大家庭來說，貧窮率必須不超過12%，或不到現在30%的一半。也就是說，我們必須特別重視減少貧困，首先是多子女家庭的貧困。
I know that overcoming poverty is not
easy and is an absolutely systemic and multi-vector effort. So, to reiterate, it
is important to make sure that everything we do in this area, and every tool we
use, is effective and efficient and produces tangible real results for our people
and our families. 我深知，脫貧絕絕非易事，絕對是系統性、多面向的努力。因此，重申一下，重要的是要確保我們在這一領域所做的一切以及我們使用的每一種工具都是有效和高效的，並為我們的人民和家庭帶來切實的成果。
What we need is an uninterrupted effort
aimed at improving the quality of life of families with children and supporting
the birth rate. To achieve this goal, we will launch a new national project titled
“Family.” 我們需要的是不間斷的努力，旨在改善有孩子的家庭的生活品質並支持出生率。為了實現這一目標，我們將啟動一個名為「家庭」的新國家計劃。
I will now talk about a number of specific
initiatives. 我現在談一些具體舉措。
First, in addition to federal programmes,
Russian regions are implementing their own measures to support families with children.
Above all, I would like to thank my colleagues for this work and propose providing
additional assistance to the regions where the birth rate is below the national
average. This is especially important for central and northwestern Russia. In 2022,
39 regions had a total fertility rate below the national average. By the end of
2030, we will channel at least 75 billion rubles to these regions so that they can
increase their family support programmes. The funds will begin to be disbursed next
year. 首先，除了聯邦計劃外，俄羅斯各地區也在實施自己的措施來支持有孩子的家庭。首先，我要感謝我的同事所做的這項工作，並建議向出生率低於全國平均水平的地區提供額外援助。這對於俄羅斯中部和西北部尤其重要。 2022年，有39個地區總和生育率低於全國平均。到2030年底，我們將向這些地區提供至少750億盧布，以便他們能夠增加家庭支持計劃。資金將於明年開始支付。
Second, last year, more than 110 million
square metres of housing were built in Russia, or 50 percent more than the highest
Soviet-era level, which was achieved in 1987. At that time, 72.8 million square
metres were built, and now, the result is 110 million. 第二，去年俄羅斯建造了超過1.1億平方米的住房，比1987年蘇聯時期的最高水準增加了50%。當時建造了7,280萬平方米，現在，結果是1.1億。
More importantly, over the past six
years, millions of Russian families have moved to bigger or better housing; over
900,000 of them took advantage of the family mortgage programme – the one launched
in 2018, for reference. We have been steadily expanding eligibility for this programme
over time, from families with two or more children, to families with one child today.
The programme will continue until July 2024. I propose further extending it until
2030 while maintaining its basic parameters. Particular attention should be paid
to families with children under six; the preferential loan interest rate will remain
at six percent for such families. 更重要的是，在過去六年裡，數百萬俄羅斯家庭搬進了更大或更好的住房；其中超過 90 萬人利用了 2018 年推出的家庭抵押貸款計劃，供參考。隨著時間的推移，我們一直在穩步擴大該計劃的資格，從有兩個或更多孩子的家庭擴大到如今只有一個孩子的家庭。該計劃將持續到2024年7月。我建議在維持其基本參數的情況下進一步延長至2030年。應特別注意有六歲以下兒童的家庭；對於這類家庭，優惠貸款利率將維持在百分之六。
There is something else. The government
currently subsidises 450,000 rubles of a family’s mortgage when they have a third
child. I also propose extending this measure until 2030. This year, this support
plan will require almost 50 billion rubles; the amount will increase further, but
we have the money for this. 還有別的事。目前，政府對生育第三個孩子的家庭補貼45萬盧布的房貸。我還建議將這項措施延長至2030年。今年，這項支持計劃將需要近500億盧布；金額還會進一步增加，但我們有足夠的資金。
Our wider goal is to make the housing
that is now under construction more affordable for families, and to ensure a system-wide
renewal of the housing stock in the country.
我們更廣泛的目標是讓正在建造的住房更加適合家庭負擔，並確保全國範圍內的住房存量更新。
Third, there are over two million families
in Russia with three or more children. It goes without saying that we are very proud
of these families. 第三，俄羅斯有超過200萬個家庭擁有三個或更多孩子。不用說，我們為這些家庭感到非常自豪。
Here is what I wanted to say in this
regard. Look at these numbers – these are real-world figures. Between 2018 and 2022,
the number of families with many children in Russia increased by 26.8 percent, which
is a positive result. 對此，我想說的是。看看這些數字——這些都是真實世界的數字。 2018年至2022年間，俄羅斯多子女家庭數量增加了26.8%，這是一個正面的結果。
I signed an executive order creating a single national status for families
with many children. This is what people have been asking for. We must follow up
on its provisions by taking concrete federal and regional decisions in keeping with
people’s aspirations, of course. 我簽署了一項行政命令，為多子女家庭建立單一國家地位。這正是人們一直在要求的。當然，我們必須根據人民的願望採取具體的聯邦和地區決定來落實其規定。
Families with many children have so
many matters they have to take care of, so parents must have more resources on hand
to deal with their everyday challenges. I suggest doubling the tax deduction parents
get when having their second child to 2,800 rubles per month and increasing this
benefit for the third and every consecutive child to 6,000 rubles. 有很多孩子的家庭有很多事情需要處理，因此父母必須有更多的資源來應對日常挑戰。我建議父母在生第二個孩子時獲得的稅收減免加倍，達到每月 2,800 盧布，並將第三個和連續孩子的減稅額增加到 6,000 盧布。
What does this mean? Let me give you
an example: this will enable a family with three children to save 1,300 rubles per
month. I also suggest increasing the annual income counted towards this deduction
from 350,000 to 450,000 rubles. And this support measure must apply automatically
without people having to apply for it. 這是什麼意思？讓我舉個例子：這將使一個有三個孩子的家庭每月節省1300盧布。我還建議將計入此項扣除的年收入從35萬盧布增加到45萬盧布。而且這項支援措施必須自動適用，無需人們申請。
On a separate note, I would like to
mention the maternity capital benefit. Today, parents can receive 630,000 rubles
when their first child is born, and when the second one arrives, the family gets
another 202,000 rubles. We have regularly adjusted this benefit for inflation. For
now, the maternity capital programme is set to expire by early 2026, but I suggest
extending it until at least 2030. 另外，我想提一下生育資本福利。如今，父母在第一個孩子出生時可以獲得 63 萬盧布，而當第二個孩子出生時，家庭又可以獲得 202,000 盧布。我們會根據通貨膨脹情況定期調整此項福利。目前，生育資金計劃將於 2026 年初到期，但我建議至少延長到 2030 年。
Colleagues, 夥伴們
I would like to thank charity foundations
and community service non-profits which are helping the elderly, people suffering
from various diseases and children with disabilities. They have done a great deal
to raise the issue of long-term care at the national level. They were the ones who
constantly raised these issues. 我要感謝慈善基金會和社區服務非營利組織，他們正在幫助老年人、患有各種疾病的人和殘疾兒童。他們為在國家層級提出長期照護問題做了大量工作。他們是不斷提出這些問題的人。
I believe that we need to allocate
more federal funding to this system and follow a single high standard of care. This
includes improving its availability for about half a million Russians who are most
in need of this kind of assistance. 我認為我們需要為這個系統分配更多的聯邦資金並遵循單一的高標準護理。這包括為最需要此類援助的約 50 萬俄羅斯人提供更多服務。
By 2030, we need to make sure that
100 percent of the people who need this kind of long-term care can benefit from
it. 到2030年，我們需要確保100%需要這種長期照護的人都能從中受益。
Presently the average life expectancy
in Russia has exceeded 73 years. We have returned to the level we were at before
the COVID-19 pandemic. By 2030, life expectancy in Russia should be at least 78
years, and in the future, as we planned, we will reach the level of 80 plus. 目前俄羅斯人的平均壽命已超過73歲。我們已恢復到 COVID-19 大流行之前的水平。到2030年，俄羅斯的預期壽命至少應達到78歲，未來按照我們的計劃，我們將達到80歲以上的水準。
Particular attention should be paid
to rural areas and regions where life expectancy is still lower than the average
in Russia. The Long and Active Life national project will focus on achieving these
objectives. It is especially important to prolong the healthy and active period
in a person’s life, so that he or she can enjoy family activities, be with loved
ones, children, and grandchildren. 應特別關注預期壽命仍低於俄羅斯平均的農村地區和地區。長壽和積極的生活國家計劃將致力於實現這些目標。延長人一生中健康活躍的時期尤其重要，這樣他或她才能享受家庭活動，與親人、兒孫在一起。
We will continue to implement federal
projects to combat cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and diabetes. 我們將繼續實施對抗心血管疾病、癌症和糖尿病的聯邦計劃。
Furthermore, I propose launching a
new comprehensive programme to protect motherhood and help children and adolescents
maintain good health, including their reproductive health, ensuring that children
are born healthy and grow up to be healthy adults, and produce healthy children
in the future. 此外，我建議啟動一項新的綜合計劃，保護母性，幫助兒童和青少年保持良好的健康，包括生殖健康，確保兒童健康出生、成長為健康的成年人，並在未來生出健康的孩子。
The new programme’s priorities should
include expanding the national network of women’s health clinics and upgrading perinatal
centres, children’s clinics and hospitals. In total, in the next six years we will
additionally allocate more than a trillion rubles for the construction, repair,
and equipping of healthcare facilities alone.
新方案的優先事項應包括擴大全國婦女保健診所網路並升級周產期中心、兒童診所和醫院。總之，在未來六年中，我們將額外撥款超過一兆盧布用於醫療設施的建設、維修和裝備。
Next. The number of Russians who engage
in sports activities on a regular basis has increased significantly in recent years.
This is one of our major achievements. We need to encourage people who take responsibility
for their own health. As early as next year, we will introduce tax deductions for
those who regularly undergo scheduled medical examinations, as well as successfully
pass the standard GTO physical fitness test.
接下來。近年來，定期參與體育活動的俄羅斯人數量顯著增加。這是我們的主要成就之一。我們需要鼓勵人們對自己的健康負責。最早明年，我們將為定期接受定期體檢以及成功通過標準 GTO 體能測試的人推出稅收減免。
Do you remember this popular slogan?
Everyone remembers that joke: “Stop drinking – start skiing!” Appears to be the
case, the time is now. By the way, on the subject of drinking, we have achieved
a noticeable, positive result. In fact, we have significantly reduced the consumption
of alcohol, primarily strong alcohol, without imposing any extreme restrictions,
which should certainly improve the health of the nation. 你還記得這句流行的口號嗎？每個人都記得那個笑話：「別喝酒了——開始滑雪吧！」看來確實如此，現在正是時候。順便說一句，在飲酒問題上，我們取得了顯著的正面成果。事實上，我們在沒有施加任何極端限制的情況下大幅減少了酒精（主要是烈酒）的消費，這肯定會改善國民的健康。
I suggest channelling federal money
into building at least 350 additional sports facilities every year in the regions,
primarily in small towns and rural areas. This could include multi-purpose venues,
as well as structures that can be erected quickly to be used by children, adults,
and families. We will allocate some 65 billion rubles in federal money to this effect
over the next six years. 我建議每年投入聯邦資金在各地區（主要是小城鎮和農村地區）增建至少 350 個體育設施。這可能包括多功能場所，以及可以快速建造以供兒童、成人和家庭使用的結構。我們將在未來六年內為此撥款約 650 億盧布的聯邦資金。
Universities, vocational colleges,
schools, and preschool institutions must also create conditions for doing sports.
By the way, many of our kindergartens opened back in the Soviet era and need refurbishing.
Next year, we will launch a major renovation programme for them. I have been hearing
about this issue from the people I talk to all the time. 高等學校、職業院校、學校、幼兒園也要為進行體育活動創造條件。順便說一句，我們的許多幼兒園都是在蘇聯時代開設的，需要翻新。明年，我們將為它們啟動一項重大改造計劃。我一直從與我交談的人那裡聽到這個問題。
As for the schools, about 18,500 buildings
need major repairs. We will help the regions deal with their backlog of issues in
this sector so that they can switch from urgent to planned repairs. Judging by what
has been achieved so far, we are on the right track. Overall, we will allocate over
400 billion rubles for undertaking major repairs at kindergartens and schools. 至於學校，大約有 18,500 棟建築需要大修。我們將協助各地解決積壓問題，實現由緊急搶修轉為計劃搶修。從迄今為止所取得的成就來看，我們走在正確的軌道上。整體而言，我們將撥款超過4000億盧布用於幼兒園和學校的大修。
In addition to this, I propose renovating
or opening medical rooms in schools that are in need of this type of service. Today,
I mean in 2022–2023, only 65 percent out of 39,000 schools we have (and we have
39,440 schools in total), had medical facilities, which means that we have room
for improvement here. 除此之外，我建議在需要此類服務的學校翻新或開設醫療室。今天，我的意思是，在 2022 年至 2023 年期間，我們擁有的 39,000 所學校（總共 39,440 所學校）中只有 65% 擁有醫療設施，這意味著我們還有改進的空間。
There is another important topic. Many
big cities are rapidly expanding, which in turn increases the burden on their social
services. Many schools have had to switch to double or even triple shifts. Of course,
this is a challenge and we must deal with it. We will have to engage federal resources
for resolving this issue by building at least 150 schools and over 100 kindergartens
in the worst-affected cities facing overcrowded educational institutions. 還有一個重要的主題。許多大城市正在迅速擴張，這反過來又增加了其社會服務的負擔。許多學校不得不改為兩班甚至三班倒。當然，這是一個挑戰，我們必須應對它。我們必須動用聯邦資源來解決這個問題，在教育機構人滿為患的受災最嚴重的城市建造至少 150 所學校和 100 多個幼兒園。
Colleagues, 夥伴們
The dreams and accomplishments of our
ancestors are within our reach and we can take pride in these achievements, while
it is the aspirations of our younger generation that will determine the future of
our country. Their coming-of-age, their successes, their moral guidelines, which
can stand up to any challenge, are the most important guarantees of Russia’s sovereignty
and the continuation of our history. 我們祖先的夢想和成就是我們可以實現的，我們可以為這些成就感到自豪，而年輕一代的願望將決定我們國家的未來。他們的成長、他們的成功、他們經得起任何挑戰的道德準則，是俄羅斯主權和我們歷史延續的最重要保證。
I propose consolidating the positive
experience we have achieved with our youth policy and launching a new national project
this year, the Youth of Russia. This project should focus on our country’s future
and work towards that future. This is what our schoolteachers see as their calling,
their grand mission, as they realise that they are responsible for younger generations,
and we are grateful to them for their selfless work. 我建議鞏固我們在青年政策方面取得的積極經驗，並在今年啟動一個新的國家計劃「俄羅斯青年」。這個項目應該著眼於我們國家的未來，並為這個未來而努力。這就是我們學校老師的使命，他們的偉大使命，他們意識到自己對年輕一代負有責任，我們感謝他們的無私工作。
Mentors play a major role in making
children feel like they are part of a united team and in providing them support
in life. I propose establishing a 5,000 ruble monthly federal benefit for advisors
to directors who consult them on child development at schools and colleges, with
a launch date of September 1, 2024. This will be a new support measure. I also propose
we implement support measure for class teachers at schools, as well as for group
supervisors, both at colleges and technical schools, in communities with a population
of less than 100,000 people. Such communities need special attention, and in fact,
most small towns and villages across Russia fall in this category. So, from March
1, 2024, I propose doubling the federal payment for classroom management and group
supervision to eligible education workers to 10,000 rubles. 導師在讓孩子們感覺自己是團結團隊的一部分並為他們提供生活支持方面發揮著重要作用。我建議為在學校和學院就兒童發展問題向他們提供諮詢的董事顧問設立每月 5,000 盧布的聯邦福利，啟動日期為 2024 年 9 月 1 日。這將是一項新的支持措施。我還建議，對學校班主任、大專院校、科技校、10萬人口以下社區的班主任實施幫扶措施。這類社區需要特別關注，事實上，俄羅斯各地的大多數小鎮和村莊都屬於此類。因此，從2024年3月1日起，我建議將聯邦向符合條件的教育工作者支付的課堂管理和團體監督費用增加一倍，達到10,000盧布。
There is one more thing I would like
to add. In 2018, the May executive orders set forth the requirements for the remuneration
of teachers and other public sector employees based on an average monthly income
from employment in a particular region of Russia. These provisions of the so-called
May executive orders must continue to be strictly adhered to. At the same time,
we need to improve the system of remuneration in the public sector and to boost
the incomes of its employees. 我還想補充一件事。 2018年5月的行政命令根據俄羅斯特定地區的平均月就業收入規定了教師和其他公共部門僱員的薪酬要求。所謂五月行政命令的這些規定必須繼續嚴格遵守。同時，完善公共部門薪資制度，提高勞工收入。
The average pay in the economy differs
from region to region, which means that people’s incomes in the public sector are
sometimes widely different even in neighbouring entities of the federation. But
the jobs of teachers and doctors are difficult and demand that they accept extreme
responsibility no matter where they are. Without question, this large difference
in salaries between regions is unjust. 經濟中的平均工資因地區而異，這意味著即使在聯邦的鄰近實體中，人們在公共部門的收入有時也存在很大差異。但教師和醫生的工作是艱苦的，無論身在何處，都要求他們承擔極大的責任。毫無疑問，地區之間工資的巨大差異是不公平的。
I know that it is an old, complicated,
and capital-intensive issue, if I may address it this way. I have discussed this
with my colleagues from federal agencies, the heads of regions, teachers, doctors,
and other professionals. And it is clear we must do something about it. 我知道這是一個古老的、複雜的、資本密集的問題，如果我可以這樣解決的話。我與聯邦機構的同事、地區負責人、教師、醫生和其他專業人士討論了這個問題。很明顯，我們必須對此採取行動。
I will not go into detail now, but
it is most certainly a complicated matter. The members of parliament and the Government
know what I am talking about. I ask the Government to coordinate in
A separate issue has to do with creating
additional incentives for attracting young professionals to schools where they will
see professional and career opportunities. Towards this end, we will approve targeted
allocations of over 9 billion rubles from the federal budget for improving the infrastructure
of teacher training universities. 另一個問題與創造額外的激勵措施有關，以吸引年輕的專業人士到學校來，在那裡他們將看到專業和職業機會。為此，我們將從聯邦預算中批准超過90億盧布的定向撥款，用於改善師範大學的基礎設施。
Our system of school education has
always been famous for its innovative teachers and unique teaching methods. It is
teams of such teachers that will take part in creating forward-looking schools.
The construction of the first leadership schools of this kind will begin this year
in the Ryazan, Pskov, Belgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, and Novgorod regions. They will
subsequently be built in all the federal districts, in the Far East, Siberia, and
Donbass. Overall, we will open 12 such schools by 2030. 我們的學校教育體系一直以其創新的教師和獨特的教學方法而聞名。正是這樣的教師團隊將參與創建具有前瞻性的學校。第一所此類領導學校將於今年在梁贊、普斯科夫、別爾哥羅德、下諾夫哥羅德和諾夫哥羅德地區開始建造。隨後將在遠東、西伯利亞和頓巴斯的所有聯邦區建造這些設施。整體而言，到 2030 年我們將開設 12 所此類學校。
As for educational content, the workload
of our children must be reasonable and balanced. And it is definitely not good when
children are taught one thing during lessons and asked completely different things
during exams. This discrepancy, to put it mildly, between the curriculum and the
questions asked during exams, which regrettably happens, is forcing parents to hire
private tutors, which not every family can afford. I ask our colleagues in the Government
to work together with teachers and parents to settle this most-evident problem. 在教育內容上，我們孩子的工作量一定要合理均衡。當孩子們在課堂上教一件事而在考試時問完全不同的事情時，這絕對是不好的。溫和地說，令人遺憾的是，課程與考試中提出的問題之間存在差異，迫使家長聘請私人家教，而並非每個家庭都能負擔得起。我要求政府同事與老師和家長共同努力解決這個最明顯的問題。
In this connection I would like to
say a few words about the Unified State Exam. which is a matter of broad public
discussion and debate, as we all know. It is true that the mechanism of the unified
exam must be improved. 在此，我想就國家統一考試說幾句話。眾所周知，這是一個廣泛的公眾討論和辯論的問題。誠然，統一考試機制亟待完善。
What do I suggest at this stage? I
propose taking one more step by giving high school graduates a second chance. In
particular, they will have an option to re-sit an examination in one of the unified
exam subjects before the university enrolment period ends so that they can resubmit
their new grades. Such matters may seem mundane, but they are in fact quite important
to the people. 在這個階段我有什麼建議？我建議再踏出一步，為高中畢業生提供第二次機會。特別是，他們可以選擇在大學入學期結束之前重新參加統一考試科目之一的考試，以便他們可以重新提交新成績。這些事情看似平常，但對老百姓來說其實是很重要的。
Colleagues, 夥伴們
Last year, Russia's economy grew faster
than the world economy, and we outperformed not only the leading EU countries, but
all G7 economies as well. Here is what I would like to note in this regard: the
massive reserves created over the past decades have had much to do with that. 去年，俄羅斯經濟成長快於世界經濟，我們的表現不僅優於歐盟主要國家，也優於所有七國集團經濟體。在這方面我想指出的是：過去幾十年來創造的巨額外匯存底與此有很大關係。
The share of non-commodity industries
in the growth structure now stands at well over 90 percent, which means that the
economy has become more complex and technological, and thus, much more sustainable.
Russia is Europe's largest economy in terms of gross domestic product and purchasing
power parity, and the world’s fifth largest economy. 非商品產業在成長結構中的比重目前遠超過90%，這意味著經濟變得更加複雜和技術化，因此也更加永續。以國內生產毛額和購買力平價計算，俄羅斯是歐洲最大的經濟體，也是世界第五大經濟體。
The pace and, most importantly, the
quality of growth make it possible to hope and even assert that we will be able
to take another step forward in the near future and become the world’s fourth largest
economy. This kind of growth should have a direct effect on household incomes. 成長的速度，最重要的是成長的質量，使人們有可能希望甚至斷言，我們將能夠在不久的將來再向前邁出一步，成為世界第四大經濟體。這種成長應該會對家庭收入產生直接影響。
The share of wages in the national
GDP should increase within the next six years. We are adjusting the minimum wage
ahead of inflation rates and average wage growth rates in the economy. Starting
in 2020, the minimum wage has increased by 50 percent from 12,000 to 19,000 rubles
per month. By 2030, the minimum wage will have almost doubled to 35,000 rubles,
which will certainly make a difference in the number of social benefits and salaries
in the public and economic sectors. 未來六年內，薪資佔全國GDP的比重應該會增加。我們正在經濟中的通貨膨脹率和平均薪資成長率之前調整最低工資。從 2020 年開始，最低工資上漲 50%，從每月 12,000 盧布增加到 19,000 盧布。到2030年，最低工資將幾乎翻倍，達到35,000盧布，這肯定會對公共和經濟部門的社會福利和工資數量產生影響。
We are aware of the risks and factors
that may lead to a slowdown in economic growth and our progress in general. These
include, primarily, shortages in skilled personnel and our own advanced technology
and even total lack of it in some areas. We need to be proactive in this regard,
so I will discuss these two strategically important topics in detail today. 我們意識到可能導致經濟成長和整體進步放緩的風險和因素。主要是技術人才和先進技術短缺，有些領域甚至完全缺乏。我們需要在這方面積極主動，所以今天我將詳細討論這兩個具有戰略意義的主題。
I will start with personnel. Russia
has a large young generation. Strangely enough, we are facing demographic issues
related to population growth, but still have a fairly large young generation. In
2030, this country will have 8.3 million people aged 20 to 24, and 9.7 million,
or 2.4 million more than now, in 2035. Without a doubt, this is the result of the
demographic measures in previous years, among other things. 我將從人員開始。俄羅斯有大量的年輕一代。奇怪的是，我們面臨著與人口增長有關的人口問題，但仍然有相當多的年輕一代。 2030年，這個國家20歲至24歲的人口將達到830萬，2035年將達到970萬，比現在多240萬。毫無疑問，這是前幾年人口統計等措施的結果。
Importantly, today's teenagers should
become professionals primed to work in the economy of the 21st century.
This is the focus of the new Personnel national project. 重要的是，今天的青少年應該成為在 21世紀經濟中工作的專業人士。這是新的國家人事項目的重點。
We have been discussing this a lot,
but we really need to strengthen the link between all levels of education from school
to university. They should work as one for a common result. Of course, the involvement
of future employers is important. A career guidance system has been launched in
all schools nationwide this year. Sixth-graders and up can get familiar with different
specialties. 我們已經對此進行了很多討論，但我們確實需要加強從學校到大學的各級教育之間的聯繫。他們應該作為一個整體來實現共同的結果。當然，未來雇主的參與很重要。今年，全國所有學校都啟動了就業指導制度。六年級與以上學生可以熟悉不同的專業。
I am now urging the heads of enterprises,
research and medical centres to encourage schoolchildren to visit them. Let them
see the workshops, like I was offered to do during one of my trips, the museums,
and laboratories. Please make sure to join in this effort. 我現在敦促企業、研究機構和醫療中心的負責人鼓勵小學生去參觀。讓他們參觀研討會，就像我在一次旅行中被邀請去參觀博物館和實驗室一樣。請務必加入這項努力。
Promoting close cooperation between
educational institutions and the real economy has guided us in the Professionalitet
project for promoting vocational training. It enabled us to update educational programmes
for the aviation, shipbuilding, pharmaceutical, electronics, and defence industries,
among others. 推動教育機構與實體經濟緊密合作，是我們推動職業訓練的Professionalitet計劃的指導思想。它使我們能夠更新航空、造船、製藥、電子和國防工業等領域的教育計劃。
We will have to train about a million
highly skilled workers for these sectors by 2028, while making sure that the vocational
training system as a whole transitions to these approaches, including in terms of
developing human resources for schools, hospitals, outpatient clinics, the services
sector, tourism, cultural institutions and creative industries. 到2028年，我們要為這些行業培訓約100萬高技能人才，同時確保整個職業培訓體係向這些方式過渡，包括為學校、醫院、門診、服務等培養人力資源。部門、旅遊、文化機構和創意產業。
On a separate note, I am instructing
the Government to work with the regions on a programme to refurbish and equip vocational
training institutions. This effort must go beyond renovating educational facilities
and also cover athletic facilities, as well as student dormitories serving these
vocational training schools and colleges. We will allocate 120 billion rubles in
federal funding for these purposes over the next six-year period. 另外，我指示政府與各地區合作制定一項翻新和裝備職業培訓機構的計劃。這項工作不僅限於改造教育設施，還包括體育設施以及為這些職業培訓學校和學院服務的學生宿舍。我們將在未來六年內為此目的撥款 1,200 億盧布的聯邦資金。
We will also spend an additional 124
billion rubles to carry out major repairs at about 800 university dormitories over
the next six years. 我們也將在未來六年內追加投入1,240億盧布，對約800所大學宿舍進行大修。
As for higher education in general,
our task is to develop research and educational centres all across our country.
For that, we will build 25 university campuses by 2030. We have already discussed
this but it bears repeating. I suggest that we expand this programme to build at
least 40 student campuses of that kind. 就一般高等教育而言，我們的任務是在全國各地發展研究和教育中心。為此，我們將在 2030 年之前建造 25 個大學校園。我們已經討論過這一點，但值得重複。我建議我們擴大這個計劃，建造至少 40 個此類學生校園。
To do so, we will have to allocate
some 400 billion rubles from the federal budget in order to ensure that students,
post-graduates, faculty members and young families have all they need to study,
work and bring up their children. 為此，我們必須從聯邦預算中撥款約4000億盧布，以確保學生、研究生、教師和年輕家庭擁有學習、工作和撫養子女所需的一切。
Overall, we must sift through all the
different situations young mothers or young parents face in their lives and use
this information to fine-tune and improve public services, the social sector, healthcare,
as well as urban and rural infrastructure. I am asking the Government and the region
to take due care when working on this agenda.
總體而言，我們必須梳理年輕母親或年輕父母在生活中面臨的各種不同情況，並利用這些資訊來微調和改善公共服務、社會部門、醫療保健以及城鄉基礎設施。我要求政府和該地區在處理這項議程時給予應有的重視。
Moving on, in last year’s Address, I announced major changes in the way our
higher education system operates and talked about the need to use best national
practices. The foundation of future success in a profession is laid in the first
years of university, when core subjects are taught. I believe that we need to offer
those who teach these subjects higher salaries. Therefore, I am asking the Government
to suggest specific modalities for making this happen and launch a pilot project
beginning September 1. 接下來，在去年的演講中，我宣布了我們高等教育系統運作方式的重大變化，並談到了採用最佳國家實踐的必要性。未來職業成功的基礎是在大學的第一年奠定的，此時教授核心科目。我認為我們需要為教授這些科目的人提供更高的薪水。因此，我要求政府提出實現這一目標的具體方式，並從 9 月 1 日開始啟動試行計劃。
This will require additional resources.
According to preliminary estimates, this would amount to about 1.5 billion this
year and 4.5 billion down the road. We have factored these amounts into our projections. 這將需要額外的資源。根據初步估計，今年這數字約為15億，未來將達到45億人。我們已將這些金額納入我們的預測中。
It is important for us to bolster the
capabilities and quality of the national higher education system, to support universities
that are striving for development. These targets are being met by our Priority 2030
programme. The funding for this has been allocated through the end of this year.
I certainly propose extending it for another six years and allocating an additional
190 billion rubles. 提升國家高等教育系統能力和質量，支持大學發展。我們的 2030 年優先計劃正在實現這些目標。此項資金已於今年底撥付。我當然建議將其再延長六年並追加撥款1900億盧布。
The efficiency criteria for participating
universities should include personnel and technology projects with Russia’s regions,
industries and social sector, the creation of effective innovative companies and
start-ups, and the ability to attract foreign students. In addition, we will certainly
assess all Russian universities, colleges, and technical schools by the demand for
their graduates from the labour market and their pay growth. 參與大學的效率標準應包括與俄羅斯地區、產業和社會部門的人員和技術計劃、創建有效的創新公司和新創公司以及吸引外國學生的能力。此外，我們肯定會根據勞動市場對畢業生的需求和薪資成長來評估所有俄羅斯大學、學院和技術學校。
Friends, 朋友們
I would like to say a few words about
the technological foundation for development, and here, science is certainly the
cornerstone. At a meeting with scientists from the Russian Academy of Sciences,
which marked its 300th anniversary this year, I said that, even during
the most difficult periods, Russia has never given up on addressing its fundamental
imperatives, has always thought about the future, and we must do the same now. As
a matter of fact, we are trying to do exactly that. 我想講一下發展的技術基礎，其中科學當然是基石。在今年紀念俄羅斯科學院成立300週年之際與俄羅斯科學院科學家舉行的會議上，我表示，即使在最困難的時期，俄羅斯也從未放棄解決其根本任務，始終思考未來，我們現在也必須這樣做。事實上，我們正在努力做到這一點。
For example, no other country in the
world has such a range of mega-science facilities as Russia has today. These centres
provide unique opportunities for our scientists and for our partners, researchers
from other countries, whom we invite for collaboration. 例如，世界上沒有其他國家像今天的俄羅斯一樣擁有如此多的大型科學設施。這些中心為我們的科學家以及我們邀請合作的其他國家的合作夥伴和研究人員提供了獨特的機會。
Russia’s scientific infrastructure
is our strong competitive advantage, both in the context of fundamental research
and in creating innovations for pharmaceuticals, biology, medicine, microelectronics,
chemicals, and new materials, as well as for space programmes. 俄羅斯的科學基礎設施是我們強大的競爭優勢，無論是在基礎研究方面，還是在製藥、生物、醫學、微電子、化學品、新材料以及太空計劃的創新方面。
I believe that we should more than
double the total public and private investment in research and development, to as
much as two percent of GDP by 2030. This should secure Russia’s place as one of
the world’s leading scientific powers. 我認為，到 2030 年，我們應該將公共和私人研發投資總額增加一倍以上，達到 GDP 的 2%。這將確保俄羅斯作為世界領先科學強國之一的地位。
I would like to reiterate that private
business should simultaneously increase investment in science, at least doubling
the current programmes by 2030. It is understood that these funds should be spent
effectively, should be instrumental in achieving a specific result in each specific
research project. In this regard, we need to use the positive experience of our
federal research programmes in genetics and agriculture, as well as projects promoted
by the Russian Science Foundation. 我想重申，私人企業應同時增加對科學的投資，到2030年至少將現有項目增加一倍。眾所周知，這些資金應該有效使用，並且應該有助於每個具體研究項目取得具體成果。在這方面，我們需要利用聯邦遺傳學和農業研究計劃以及俄羅斯科學基金會推動的計劃的積極經驗。
In light of the current goals and challenges,
we have adjusted Russia’s Strategy for Scientific and Technological Development
which we use as a starting point to launch new technological sovereignty national
projects. I will give you a list of the main areas. 針對當前目標和挑戰，我們調整了俄羅斯科技發展策略，以此為起點啟動新的技術主權國家計劃。我會給你一個主要領域的清單。
First, we must be independent and own
all the technological keys in sensitive areas, such as safeguarding public health
and ensuring food security. 首先，我們必須獨立並擁有敏感領域的所有技術關鍵，例如維護公眾健康和確保糧食安全。
Second, we need to attain technological
sovereignty in critical spheres that determine the resilience of our economy in
general, such as means of production and machine tools, robotics, all modes of transport,
unmanned aerial, underwater and other systems, data economy, innovative materials
and chemistry. 其次，我們需要在決定我們整體經濟回復的韌性的關鍵領域獲得技術主權，例如生產資料和工具機、機器人、所有運輸方式、無人機、水下和其他系統、數據經濟、創新材料和化學。
Third, we must create globally competitive
products relying on unique domestic innovations, including space, nuclear and new
energy technologies. We must start working now to create a legal environment that
fosters industries and markets of the future, to generate long-term demand − at
least through the end of the current decade − for high-tech products so that companies
have consistent rules to play by. 第三，我們要依賴國內自主創新，包括航太、核能、新能源技術，打造具有全球競爭力的產品。我們現在必須開始努力創造一個培育未來產業和市場的法律環境，以產生對高科技產品的長期需求（至少到本世紀末），以便企業有一致的遊戲規則。
It is also imperative to establish
internal cooperative chains and international technological platforms, to launch
serial production of our own equipment and components, and to guide geological exploration
towards the search for rare-earth materials and other raw materials for the new
economy. We have all this. 建立內部合作鏈和國際技術平台，實現自主裝備和零件的系列化生產，引導地質勘探朝向稀土材料等新經濟原料的尋找方向發展。我們擁有這一切。
To reiterate, we are talking about
a strategic foothold for the future, so let us use all available development tools
and mechanisms to achieve these objectives, and to ensure priority budget financing.
I urge the Government and the Federal Assembly to be mindful of this when drafting
the budget. Please always treat this as a top priority. 重申一下，我們正在談論未來的策略立足點，因此讓我們利用一切可用的發展工具和機制來實現這些目標，並確保優先預算融資。我敦促政府和聯邦議會在起草預算時注意這一點。請始終將此視為首要任務。
Technological sovereignty projects
should become an engine to renew our industry and help the entire economy reach
an advanced level of efficiency and competitiveness. I propose setting the goal
of increasing the share of domestic high-tech goods and services on the domestic
market by 150 percent within the next six years, and increasing the volume of non-commodity
and non-energy exports by at least two-thirds.
技術主權計劃應該成為產業更新的引擎，幫助整個經濟達到先進水準的效率和競爭力。我建議設定的目標是在未來六年內將國內高科技產品和服務在國內市場的比例提高150%，並將非大宗商品和非能源出口量增加至少三分之二。
I will cite a few more figures. In
1999, the share of imports in our country reached 26 percent of GDP meaning that
imports accounted for almost 30 percent of our market. Last year, it was 19 percent
of GDP, or 32 trillion rubles. Before 2030, we need to reach a level of imports
of no more than 17 percent of GDP. 我再舉幾個數字。 1999年，我國進口佔GDP的比重達26%，這意味著進口幾乎占我國市場的30%。去年，這一數字佔 GDP 的 19%，即 32 兆盧布。 2030年以前，進口佔GDP的比重需要達到不超過17%的水準。
This means that we must produce ourselves
many more consumer and other goods, including medicine, equipment, machine tools,
and vehicles. We are unable to produce everything, and we do not need to, but the
Government knows what it needs to work on.
這意味著我們必須自己生產更多的消費品和其他商品，包括藥品、設備、工具機和車輛。我們無法生產所有產品，也不需要生產所有產品，但政府知道需要做什麼。
I would like to point out that in the
next six years the gross added value in manufacturing should increase by at least
40 percent compared to 2022. This accelerated industrial development implies the
creation of thousands of new enterprises and modern highly paid jobs. 我想指出的是，未來六年，製造業總增加價值比2022年增加至少40%。工業加速發展意味著數千家新企業的誕生和現代高薪就業機會的誕生。
We have already prepared an industrial
“menu” of sorts. The companies that implement industrial projects will be able to
choose suitable support measures, agreements on investment protection and incentives,
special investment contracts, a cluster investment platform, and the like. We have
devised and are already implementing a great deal of such instruments. And we will
further develop these mechanisms. 我們已經準備了一份工業「菜單」。實施工業專案的企業可以選擇合適的支援措施、投資保護和激勵協議、特殊投資合約、集群投資平台等。我們已經設計並已經實施了大量此類工具。我們將進一步發展這些機制。
In the next six years, we will additionally
allocate 120 billion rubles to subsidise corporate R&D projects and to bolster
the system of industrial mortgages. We will also use this programme to additionally
build and renovate over 10 million square metres of industrial floorspace. 未來六年，我們將額外撥款1,200億盧布，用於補貼企業研發專案及加強工業抵押貸款體系。我們也將利用此計劃增建和改造超過1000萬平方公尺的工業建築面積。
I would like to add the following for
the sake of comparison, in addition to the pace we have already achieved. 除了我們已經達到的速度之外，為了進行比較，我還想添加以下內容。
So, let’s draw some comparisons. Today,
in Russia we build about four million square metres of industrial floorspace every
year. It is a substantial indicator of the modernisation of our industrial capacities
as it is, and we will additionally build 10 million square metres, as I have stated. 那麼，讓我們來進行一些比較。如今，在俄羅斯，我們每年建造約 400 萬平方公尺的工業建築面積。這是我們工業能力現代化的重要指標，正如我所說，我們將額外建造1000萬平方米。
Next, we will invest 300 billion rubles
in the Industrial Development Fund. We will almost double its capital and will focus
its attention on supporting high-tech projects. At least 200 billion rubles will
be additionally allocated within the framework of a cluster innovation platform
to subsidise interest rates for projects that manufacture prioritised industrial
products. 下一步，我們將向工業發展基金投資3000億盧布。我們將把資本增加近一倍，並將重點放在支持高科技項目上。在集群創新平台框架內，將額外撥款至少2000億盧布，為優先工業產品生產項目提供利率補貼。
I propose increasing the depreciation
calculation base to stimulate the modernisation of industrial facilities in the
manufacturing sector. It will amount to 200 percent of spending on Russian-made
equipment and R&D. It may sound boring, but I will explain what it means. If
a company buys Russian-made lathes for 10 billion rubles, it can reduce its tax
base by 20 million rubles. It amounts to substantial assistance. 我建議增加折舊計算基數，以刺激製造業工業設施的現代化。這將相當於俄羅斯製造設備和研發支出的200%。這可能聽起來很無聊，但我會解釋它的含義。如果一家企業花100億盧布購買俄羅斯製造的車床，可以減少稅基2000萬盧布。這相當於實質援助。
We will continue to develop industrial
technology parks focused on small and medium-sized companies in the priority technological
spheres. It is important to make use of the advantages of the cluster approach,
when companies grow together with their subcontractors and suppliers, and their
cooperation will have a beneficial effect on all parties. I would like to point
out to the Government that we must create at least 100 such platforms by 2030. They
will act as growth points throughout the national territory and encourage investment. 持續發展以中小企業為重點的重點科技領域產業科技園區。重要的是要利用集群方式的優勢，當企業與其分包商和供應商共同成長時，他們的合作將對各方產生有益的影響。我想向政府指出，到2030年，我們必須創建至少100個這樣的平台。它們將成為全國範圍內的成長點，並鼓勵投資。
We have set a goal to add 70 percent
to investment in key sectors by 2030. By the way, we have had good dynamics here;
very good, I would say in fact. Good. 我們制定了2030年關鍵領域投資增加70%的目標。順便說一句，我們在這方面的動力很好；非常好，事實上我想說。好的。
In 2021, the cumulative growth of investment
was 8.6 percent, against a target of 4.5 percent. In 2022, it was 15.9 percent,
with a target of 9.5 percent. In the first nine months of 2023, the increase was
26.6 percent, when the plan for the year was 15.1 percent. We must continue to move
ahead of the plan. 2021年，投資累計成長8.6%，目標為4.5%。 2022年為15.9%，目標為9.5%。 2023年前9個月，增幅為26.6%，而當年計劃為15.1%。我們必須繼續推進計劃。
Our banking system and the stock market
must fully ensure the influx of capital into the economy, into the real sector,
including through project and equity financing. In the next two years, industrial
projects worth more than 200 billion rubles will be supported through equity funds.
Essentially, this means that the VEB.RF Development Corporation and several commercial
banks will join the share capital of high-tech companies and assist them during
the most active growth phase. 我們的銀行體系和股票市場必須充分確保資本流入經濟、流入實體部門，包括透過專案融資和股權融資。未來兩年，將透過股權基金支持價值超過2000億盧布的工業項目。本質上，這意味著VEB.RF開發公司和幾家商業銀行將加入高科技公司的股本，並在它們最活躍的成長階段提供協助。
I have already issued instructions
to introduce a special IPO regime for companies in priority high-tech industries.
I would like to point out to my colleagues in the Finance Ministry and the Central
Bank that we need to expedite the launch of this mechanism, including compensation
for the company’s costs associated with floating securities. This needs to be done
without delay. 我已經發出指示，為重點高新技術產業的公司引入特殊的首次公開募股制度。我想向財政部和央行的同事指出，我們需要加快啟動這個機制，包括補償公司與浮動證券相關的成本。這需要立即完成。
Again, the Russian stock market needs
to play a bigger role as a source of investment. Its capitalisation should double
by 2030, from the current level to 66 percent of GDP. At the same time, it is important
that individuals have the opportunity to contribute to the nation’s development
while also benefiting from investing their savings in low risk projects. 再說一次，俄羅斯股市作為投資來源需要發揮更大的作用。到 2030 年，其總資本將翻一番，從目前的水平達到 GDP 的 66%。同時，重要的是個人有機會為國家發展做出貢獻，同時也能從將儲蓄投資於低風險項目中受益。
A decision has already been made: voluntary
investment in non-state pension funds of up to 2.8 million rubles will be insured
by the state, which means a return is guaranteed. 已經做出決定：高達280萬盧布的非國家退休基金自願投資將由國家擔保，這意味著回報是有保證的。
In addition, long-term individual investment
accounts will be insured up to 1.4 million rubles. We will extend the unified tax
deduction to individual investments in long-term financial instruments up to 400,000
rubles per year. 此外，長期個人投資帳戶的保險金額將高達140萬盧布。我們將把長期金融工具個人投資的統一稅收減免範圍擴大到每年40萬盧布。
At the same time, I deem it expedient
to launch a new tool known as a savings certificate. By purchasing this product,
individuals will deposit their savings in banks for more than three years. The certificate
will be irrevocable; therefore, banks will offer their clients a more attractive
interest rate. In addition, the holders of savings certificates will have their
money insured by the state up to 2.8 million rubles, which is twice as much as regular
bank deposit insurance. 同時，我認為推出一種稱為儲蓄證書的新工具是有利的。透過購買該產品，個人將其儲蓄存入銀行三年以上。該證書不可撤銷；因此，銀行將為客戶提供更具吸引力的利率。此外，儲蓄券持有者的資金將獲得全國最高280萬盧布的保險，這是一般銀行存款保險的兩倍。
I would like to emphasise that all
the measures of state support for investment, and the creation and modernisation
of industrial facilities, should lead to higher salaries and better working conditions,
and social packages for employees. 我想強調的是，國家支持投資以及工業設施的建設和現代化的所有措施都應該為員工帶來更高的工資和更好的工作條件以及社會福利。
Of course, as a matter of principle,
Russian companies must operate within our national jurisdiction and refrain from
moving their funds abroad where, as it turns out, you can lose everything. So now,
my colleagues from the business community and I have to hold brainstorming sessions
for coming up with ways to help them get their money back. Do not transfer your
money there in the first place. This way, we will not have to figure out how to
recover it. 當然，原則上，俄羅斯公司必須在我們國家管轄範圍內運營，並且不要將資金轉移到國外，事實證明，這樣做可能會血本無歸。所以現在，我和商界的同事必須召開集思廣益會議，想出辦法幫他們拿回錢。首先不要將錢轉移到那裡。這樣，我們就不必弄清楚如何恢復它。
Russian businesses must invest their
resources in Russia, its regions, in developing companies and staff training. Our
strong and sovereign country offers them unrivalled protection for their assets
and capital. 俄羅斯企業必須將其資源投入俄羅斯及其地區，用於發展公司和員工培訓。我們強大的主權國家為他們的資產和資本提供無與倫比的保護。
An overwhelming majority of business
leaders prioritise national interests and are patriots. Therefore, businesses working
here in Russia must benefit from the guaranteed inviolability of their property,
assets, and new investments. Of course, domestic investment and protecting investment
go hand in hand with defending the rights of business owners, and it is our job
to make this a reality. This will serve our national interests and society at large,
as well as the millions of people who work for private companies, whether they’re
large corporations or SMEs. 絕大多數商界領袖都以國家利益為重，都是愛國者。因此，在俄羅斯開展業務的企業必須受益於其財產、資產和新投資的不可侵犯性保證。當然，國內投資和保護投資與捍衛企業主的權利是並行不悖的，我們的工作就是使之成為現實。這將有利於我們的國家利益和整個社會，也有利於數百萬在私人公司工作的人，無論是大公司還是中小企業。
I have been saying this all along,
but let me repeat it: no one, no government official or law enforcement officer,
has the right to harass people, break the law or use it for personal, selfish objectives.
We must be there for people, for our business owners – I am talking about them right
now. They are the ones creating jobs, giving people work and paying their salaries.
Being there for others and helping them is what the mission of the government is
all about. 我一直在這麼說，但讓我再說一次：任何人，任何政府官員或執法人員，都無權騷擾他人、違法或利用法律來實現個人自私的目的。我們必須為人民、為我們的企業主服務——我現在正在談論他們。他們創造就業機會、為人們提供工作並支付工資。為他人服務並幫助他們是政府的使命。
Colleagues, 夥伴們
Small and medium-sized enterprises
are playing an increasingly important role in driving economic growth. Today, they
account for over 21 percent of the manufacturing, tourism, and IT sectors. Hundreds
of Russian brands have demonstrated outstanding results. Last year, there were 1.2
million new SMEs registered in Russia. 中小企業在經濟成長中扮演越來越重要的角色。如今，它們佔製造業、旅遊業和 IT 產業的 21% 以上。數百個俄羅斯品牌展現了出色的表現。去年，俄羅斯新增註冊中小企業120萬家。
Let me draw your attention to the fact
that this is a five-year high. People want to start their own businesses and believe
in themselves, their country, and their success. I would like to emphasise that
the number of young entrepreneurs under 25 years old increased by 20 percent in
2023. There are now over 240,000 of them.
讓我提請大家注意，這是五年來的最高點。人們想要自己創業，相信自己、相信國家、相信自己的成功。我想強調的是，到2023年，25歲以下青年創業家數將成長20%，目前已超過24萬人。
We need to make sure to support these
creative and result-driven undertakings in order to ensure that the average income
for SME workers outpaces GDP growth over the next six years. This means that these
businesses must enhance their efficiency and make a qualitative leap forward in
their performance. 我們需要確保支持這些創造性和結果驅動的事業，以確保中小企業工人的平均收入在未來六年超過GDP成長。這意味著這些企業必須提升效率，讓業績實現質的飛躍。
I have already said that we must eliminate
situations where expanding operations becomes a losing proposition for companies
because they have to switch from a streamlined tax framework with its beneficial
rates to a general tax regime. When this happens it means that the state is basically
promoting corporate fragmentation or compelling businesses to use other means for
optimising their tax liabilities. 我已經說過，我們必須消除擴大業務對公司不利的情況，因為它們必須從具有優惠稅率的精簡稅收框架轉向一般稅收制度。當這種情況發生時，這意味著國家基本上正在促進企業分散化或迫使企業使用其他方式來優化其稅務義務。
I am asking the Government to work
with the parliamentarians on the terms of an amnesty for SMEs which had no other
option than to rely on tax optimisation schemes as they expanded their operations. 我要求政府與議員合作，制定對中小企業的特赦條款，這些中小企業在擴大業務時除了依靠稅收優化計劃別無選擇。
Importantly, these companies should
steer clear of the practice of artificial, essentially fraudulent, splitting of
businesses, and embrace civilised and transparent operations. To reiterate, there
will be no fines, no penalties, no sanctions, no recomputation of taxes for the
earlier periods. This is what the amnesty is all about. 重要的是，這些公司應該避免人為的、本質上是欺詐性的業務分拆做法，並實行文明、透明的營運。重申一下，不會有罰款、處罰、制裁，也不會重新計算之前的稅金。這就是特赦的意義所在。
In addition, I hereby instruct the
Government to introduce a mechanism for a gradual – not abrupt – increase in the
tax burden for companies that are transitioning from the simplified to the general
taxation procedure starting next year. 此外，我特此指示政府引入一種機制，從明年開始逐步（而不是突然）增加從簡化稅收程序過渡到一般稅收程序的公司的稅負。
Next, we decided to introduce a temporary
moratorium on inspections. This measure has fully justified itself. Companies that
guarantee the quality of their products and services and act responsibly with regard
to their consumers can and should enjoy our trust. 接下來，我們決定暫時暫停檢查。這項措施是完全合理的。保證產品和服務品質並對消費者負責任的公司可以而且應該贏得我們的信任。
So, from January 1, 2025, I believe
we can rescind temporary moratoriums on business inspections and instead, building
on our experience, fully switch to a risk-based approach and enshrine it in the
law. If there are no risks, we should use preventive measures and thus minimise
the number of inspections. 因此，從2025年1月1日起，我相信我們可以取消暫時暫停的業務檢查，取而代之的是，根據我們的經驗，完全轉向基於風險的方法並將其寫入法律。如果沒有風險，就應該採取預防措施，盡量減少檢查次數。
There is more. I propose granting special
credit holidays of up to six months once every five years to small and medium-sized
businesses, without impacting their credit history. 還有更多。我建議每五年給予中小企業一次長達六個月的特殊信用假期，而不影響他們的信用記錄。
Again, we must create proper conditions
for small and medium-sized companies to grow dynamically, and to enhance the quality
of this growth through high-tech forms of manufacturing. In general, the taxation
regime for small and medium-sized manufacturing companies should be relaxed. 再次的，要為中小企業蓬勃發展創造適當條件，透過高科技製造業提高發展品質。整體來說，中小型製造業的稅收制度應該放寬。
I urge the Government to make specific
proposals in this regard. We have discussed this many times. Please do that. The
proposals have been articulated, in fact.
我促請政府就此提出具體建議。我們已經討論過很多次了。請這樣做。事實上，這些建議已經被闡明。
I would like to emphasise the work
of small and medium-sized businesses in rural areas, in the agriculture sector.
We are now fully self-sufficient in terms of food, and Russia is the leader on the
global wheat market. We are among the top 20 food exporters. I thank agricultural
workers, farmers, and specialists engaged in agriculture in general for their impressive
performance. 我想強調農村地區和農業部門中小型企業的工作。我們現在在糧食方面完全自給自足，俄羅斯是全球小麥市場的領導者。我們是前 20 名食品出口國之一。我感謝農業工人、農民和農業專家的出色表現。
By 2030, the output of the Russian
agro-industrial complex should grow by at least a quarter compared to 2021, and
exports should increase by 50 percent. We will definitely continue to support the
sector and the programme of integrated rural development, including renovation and
modernisation of post offices. 到2030年，俄羅斯農工複合體的產量將比2021年增加至少四分之一，出口將增加50%。我們一定會繼續支持該部門和農村綜合發展計劃，包括郵局的改造和現代化。
We will use a special solution for
the development of coastal regions. Let me remind you that we have a “quota for the keel” rule. It must be strictly followed.
As some of you here are aware, we are talking about the companies obtaining quotas
for seafood production against an obligation to buy new Russian-made fishing vessels
and renew the fleet. 對沿海地區發展採取特殊方案。讓我提醒大家，我們有「龍骨配額」規則。必須嚴格遵守。正如你們中的一些人所知，我們談論的是那些獲得海鮮生產配額的公司，但有義務購買新的俄羅斯製造的漁船並更新船隊。
At the same time, this year the federal
budget received a substantial amount of money – about 200 billion rubles – from
selling seafood quotas. Mr Siluanov is here, and we have arrived at an agreement.
I propose that part of these funds be earmarked for the social development of municipalities,
which form the basis of our fishing industry.
與此同時，今年聯邦預算透過出售海鮮配額獲得了大量資金——約2,000億盧布。西盧阿諾夫先生在這裡，我們已經達成協議。我建議將這些資金的一部分指定用於各城市的社會發展，這是我們漁業的基礎。
Colleagues, 夥伴們
In today’s conditions, increasing efficiency
in all spheres of labour productivity is directly connected with digitalisation
and the use of AI technology, as I said. Such solutions enable us to create digital
platforms for streamlining interaction between people, businesses and the state
in the best possible way. 正如我所說，在當今的條件下，提高勞動生產力各領域的效率與數位化和人工智慧技術的使用直接相關。這些解決方案使我們能夠創建數位平台，以盡可能最好的方式簡化人們、企業和國家之間的互動。
So, we need to create a platform that
will help people use the capabilities of our healthcare system to keep their health
in check and remain healthy throughout their life. For example, they will be able
to use data from their digital identities to remotely request and receive advice
from specialists at federal medical centres, and general practitioners will be able
to form a comprehensive picture of a patient’s health, forecast possible illnesses,
prevent complications, and choose individual, and thus, more effective treatment. 因此，我們需要創建一個平台，幫助人們利用我們的醫療保健系統的功能來控制自己的健康，並在一生中保持健康。例如，他們將能夠使用數位身分中的資料遠端請求和接收聯邦醫療中心專家的建議，全科醫生將能夠全面了解患者的健康狀況，預測可能的疾病，預防併發症，並選擇個體化的、從而更有效的治療。
Everything I am saying is not a picture
of a distant future. These practices are being introduced at our leading medical
centres today. The goal is to apply them throughout the country and make them accessible
to all. 我所說的一切都不是遙遠未來的景象。今天，我們領先的醫療中心正在引入這些做法。目標是將它們應用到全國各地並讓所有人都能使用。
I believe that by 2030 we must formulate
digital platforms in every major economic sector and in the social sphere. These
and other comprehensive tasks will be addressed within the framework of the new
national project The Economy of Data. We will allocate at least 700 billion rubles
to implement it in the next six years. 我認為，到2030年，我們必須在每個主要經濟部門和社會領域建立數位平台。這些任務和其他綜合任務將在新的國家計劃「數位經濟」的框架內解決。我們將在未來六年內撥款至少7000億盧布來實施它。
Such technologies and integration platforms
offer great opportunities for the economic planning and development of individual
sectors, regions, and cities, as well as for the efficient management of our programmes
and national projects. The most important thing is that we can continue to focus
the efforts of all levels of government on the interests of every individual and
every family, and to proactively provide state and municipal services to our people
and businesses in a convenient form and as quickly as possible. 這些技術和整合平台為各個部門、地區和城市的經濟規劃和發展以及我們的計劃和國家項目的有效管理提供了巨大的機會。最重要的是，我們能夠繼續把各級政府的力量集中在每個個人、每個家庭的利益上，主動以便捷、快捷的方式為人民和企業提供國家和市政服務。 。
Russia is actually one of the world
leaders in digital government services already. Many countries, including European
ones, have yet to reach our level. But we have no intention of slowing down. 俄羅斯實際上已經是數位政府服務領域的世界領導者之一。許多國家，包括歐洲國家，還沒有達到我們的水準。但我們無意放慢腳步。
Artificial intelligence is an important
element of digital platforms. Here, too, Russia must be self-sufficient and competitive.
An executive order has already been signed approving the updated version of the
National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence. The document sets
new goals, including the need to ensure technological sovereignty in such revolutionary
fields as generative artificial intelligence and large language models. Practical
application of such systems promises to produce a real breakthrough in the economy
and social sphere, and so it shall. For this we need to increase our computing resources.
By 2030, the total capacity of domestic supercomputers should be at least 10 times
greater. This is a completely realistic goal.
人工智慧是數位平台的重要組成部分。在這方面，俄羅斯也必須自給自足並具有競爭力。一項行政命令已經簽署，批准更新版的國家人工智慧發展策略。該文件設定了新的目標，包括需要確保產生人工智慧和大型語言模型等革命性領域的技術主權。這些系統的實際應用有望在經濟和社會領域產生真正的突破，而且確實如此。為此，我們需要增加我們的運算資源。到2030年，國產超級電腦的總容量至少要擴大10倍。這是一個完全現實的目標。
We need to upgrade the entire infrastructure
of the data economy. I would like to ask the Government to propose specific measures
to support companies and start-ups that manufacture data storage and processing
equipment and develop software. Investment in domestic IT should grow at least twice
as fast as overall economic growth. 我們需要升級資料經濟的整個基礎設施。我想請政府提出具體措施，支持生產資料儲存和處理設備以及開發軟體的公司和新創公司。國內IT投資的成長速度應至少是總體經濟成長率的兩倍。
Conditions need to be created to allow
Russians to take advantage of digital technology not only in megacities, but also
in smaller towns, in rural communities and in remote areas, along federal and regional
thoroughfares, as well as local roads. I am referring to the need to provide access
to high-speed internet almost everywhere in Russia within the next decade. To address
this task, we will need to considerably expand our satellite constellation, for
which we will be allocating 116 billion rubles.
需要創造條件，讓俄羅斯人不僅可以在大城市，而且可以在小城鎮、農村社區和偏遠地區、聯邦和地區大道以及地方道路上利用數位技術。我指的是未來十年內需要在俄羅斯幾乎所有地方提供高速網路連線。為了完成這項任務，我們需要大幅擴展我們的衛星星座，為此我們將撥款 1,160 億盧布。
Colleagues, 夥伴們
At this point, I would like to dwell
on regional development. What are my suggestions on this matter? Our priority is
to lower the debt
burden of the Russian
regions. I believe that we must write off two thirds
of the debt regions owe under so-called budget loans. According to our projections,
this will allow them to save about 200 billion rubles annually between 2025 and
2028. 在此，我想談談區域發展。我對此事有何建議？我們的首要任務是降低俄羅斯地區的債務負擔。我認為，我們必須註銷地區在所謂預算貸款下所欠債務的三分之二。根據我們的預測，這將使他們在 2025 年至 2028 年間每年節省約 2,000 億盧布。
Let me draw your attention to the fact
that these savings must be used for a specific purpose – the regions should channel
them into support for investment and infrastructure projects. Colleagues, I would
like to draw your attention to this point.
讓我提請大家注意這樣一個事實：這些儲蓄必須用於特定目的——各地區應將其用於支持投資和基礎設施項目。各位同事，我想提請大家注意這一點。
Moving on, in 2021, we launched a programme
worth 500 billion rubles to issue infrastructure budget loans and went on to expand
it to one trillion rubles. As you remember, the regions benefit from a 3 percent
interest rate on these loans with a term of up to 15 years. What a great development
tool. These funds go towards development projects, and the regions have appreciated
this mechanism for its effectiveness. There will be no write-offs for these loans,
but this year the regions will start repaying them. I suggest re-investing the money
they return to the federal budget in the regions by issuing new infrastructure budget
loans. Overall, we will expand our infrastructure loan portfolio for Russia’s regions
starting in 2025 by at least 250 billion rubles per year. 2021年，我們推出了價值5,000億盧布的基礎設施預算貸款計劃，並隨後將其擴大到1兆盧布。如大家所知，這些地區的貸款利率為 3%，期限最長為 15 年。多麼棒的開發工具。這些資金用於發展項目，各地區對此機制的有效性表示讚賞。這些貸款不會被沖銷，但今年這些地區將開始償還貸款。我建議透過發放新的基礎設施預算貸款，將他們返還給聯邦預算的資金重新投資到這些地區。總體而言，從 2025 年開始，我們將為俄羅斯各地區基礎設施貸款組合每年增加至少 2,500 億盧布。
I also believe that the regions must
have more leverage when it comes to managing the funds at their disposal for fulfilling
national projects. 我還認為，各地區在管理可用於完成國家計劃的資金方面必須有更多的影響力。
Let me give you an example: a region
upgrades an outpatient clinic and does a good job refurbishing it. If it did not
spend all the funds allocated for this, it would not have to return the remainder
to the federal budget. Instead, it can use them to buy equipment for the renovated
clinic or for other purposes. 我舉個例子：某地區對門診進行升級改造，並做好了裝修工作。如果它沒有花完為此分配的所有資金，則不必將剩餘資金返還給聯邦預算。相反，它可以用它們購買設備用於翻新診所或用於其他目的。
Of course, we will support the regions
to enable them to unlock their potential by launching projects in the real economy
and infrastructure development as development drivers for these territories. 當然，我們也會支持這些地區，透過啟動實體經濟和基礎設施建設計劃來釋放潛力，作為這些地區的發展動力。
Today, ten regions of the Federation
that have low fiscal capacity are carrying out tailor-made socioeconomic development
programmes. I am asking the Government to renew these programmes for another six-year
term. 如今，聯邦的十個財政能力較低的地區正在實施量身定制的社會經濟發展計劃。我要求政府將這些計劃再延長六年。
By 2030, all our regions must achieve
economic self-sufficiency. Let me repeat that this is a matter of justice and offering
people equal opportunities, as well as guaranteeing high living standards across
the country. 到2030年，我們所有地區都必須實現經濟自給自足。讓我再說一遍，這是一個正義問題，為人們提供平等機會，並保證全國人民的高生活水平。
Colleagues, 夥伴們
As you can see, big plans call for
big spending. Large-scale social, demographic and economic investments will be made,
as well as science, technology, and infrastructure investments. 正如大家所看到的，大計劃需要大支出。將進行大規模的社會、人口和經濟投資，以及科學、技術和基礎設施投資。
In this regard, I would like to discuss
the taxation system. It goes without saying that it must ensure the flow of resources
to address national goals and to implement regional programmes. It is designed to
reduce inequality not only in society, but in the socioeconomic development of the
constituent entities of the Federation as well, and to take into account individual
incomes and corporate revenues. 對此，我想談談稅收制度。不言而喻，它必須確保資源流動以實現國家目標和實施區域方案。它的目的不僅是減少社會中的不平等，也減少聯邦各組成實體社會經濟發展中的不平等，並考慮個人收入和企業收入。
I suggest developing approaches to
modernising the fiscal system and more fairly distributing the tax burden towards
those with higher individual incomes and corporate revenues. 我建議制定實現財政體系現代化的方法，並將稅負更公平地分配給個人收入和企業收入較高的人。
Conversely, we need to reduce the tax
burden on families, including through deductions, which I mentioned earlier today.
We need to incentivise businesses that invest in growth and in infrastructure and
social projects. It is likewise important to close loopholes that are used by some
companies to avoid taxes or underreport their taxable revenue. I urge the State
Duma and the Government to submit a specific set of proposals to address these matters
soon. In the future, taking into account the adopted changes, I propose locking
in key tax parameters until 2030 to ensure a stable and predictable environment
for implementing any, including long-term, investment projects. This is what the
business community is asking for during our direct contacts. 相反，我們需要減輕家庭的稅收負擔，包括透過扣除，我今天早些時候提到過。我們需要激勵企業投資成長、基礎設施和社會項目。同樣重要的是，堵住一些公司用來避稅或少報應稅收入的漏洞。我敦促國家杜馬和政府盡快提交一套具體提案來解決這些問題。未來，考慮到所採取的變化，我建議在 2030 年之前鎖定關鍵稅收參數，以確保為實施任何投資項目（包括長期投資項目）提供穩定且可預測的環境。這是我們直接接觸時工商界的要求。
Colleagues, 夥伴們
Decisions regarding financial support
for the regions and economic growth should be designed to improve the quality of
life in all constituent entities of the Federation. We have already renewed until
2030 special programmes for the development of the regions such as the North Caucasus
and the Kaliningrad Region, Donbass and Novorossiya, Crimea and Sevastopol, the
Arctic and the Far East. Master development plans have been drafted for 22 Far Eastern
cities and metropolitan areas, and the same work is underway for Arctic communities. 對地區和經濟成長的財政支持的決定應旨在提高聯邦所有組成實體的生活品質。我們已將北高加索和加里寧格勒地區、頓巴斯和新俄羅斯、克里米亞和塞瓦斯托波爾、北極和遠東等地區的發展特別計劃延長至2030年。已經為 22 個遠東城市和大都會區起草了總體發展規劃，北極社區的同樣工作也在進行中。
Now we have to take the next step.
I propose making a new list of more than 200 cities and towns, with a master plan
to be developed and implemented for each of them. Overall, the development programme
should span about 2,000 communities, including villages and small towns. Every policy
to support the regions that I mentioned today, including infrastructure loans, should
apply in these cases. 現在我們必須採取下一步。我建議制定一份新的200多個城鎮名單，並為每個城鎮制定並實施總體規劃。總體而言，該發展計劃應涵蓋約 2,000 個社區，包括村莊和城鎮。我今天提到的每一項支持地區的政策，包括基礎設施貸款，都應該適用於這些情況。
I would like to address the heads of
the regions now. These resources should be used, among other things, to expand the
capabilities of the municipalities. I remember meeting with the heads of some municipalities
at their forum here in Moscow. The local level of government has a special role
and responsibility. It includes the agencies and bodies where Russians go with their
daily needs. I would like to thank our mayors, heads of districts, and local deputies
for their work, for their attention to people’s needs. And I would like to specially
recognise the staff of the municipalities working in the immediate vicinity of the
combat zone and sharing all the adversities with the local residents. 我現在想向各地區領導人講話。除此之外，這些資源應用於擴大市政當局的能力。我記得在莫斯科的論壇上與一些城市的負責人會面。地方政府具有特殊的角色和責任。它包括俄羅斯人滿足日常需求的機構和機構。我要感謝我們的市長、區長和地方代表所做的工作以及對人民需求的關注。我要特別感謝在戰區附近工作並與當地居民分享所有逆境的市政當局工作人員。
Local residents should in fact be co-creators
of their local urban development plans. Municipalities need to step up the use of
mechanisms where residents can vote for projects, facilities or problems that require
priority financing. I propose increasing the federal and regional co-financing of
people’s projects like this. 事實上，當地居民應該成為當地城市發展規劃的共同製定者。市政當局需要加強利用居民可以對需要優先融資的項目、設施或問題進行投票的機制。我建議增加聯邦和地區對此類項目的共同融資。
We will also extend, until 2030, the
national competition for best projects to create a comfortable urban environment
in small towns and historical communities.
我們也將把全國小城鎮和歷史街區營造舒適城市環境優秀項目競賽活動期限延長至2030年。
In total, we will improve more than
30,000 public spaces in Russia in the next six years. I would like to ask the Government
to provide additional support to the regions that are renovating local embankments,
parks, gardens and historical downtown areas. We will allocate 360 billion rubles
for major landscaping and improvement projects like this. 未來六年，我們將總共改善俄羅斯 30,000 多個公共空間。我想請政府為正在修繕當地堤防、公園、花園和歷史城區的地區提供更多支持。我們將撥款3600億盧布用於此類重大景觀美化和改善項目。
Old buildings, estates and churches
are the visible embodiment of our national identity, an inextricable link between
generations. I would like to ask the Government, parliament and relevant State Council
commissions to involve the public and review the regulatory framework for the protection
and use of cultural heritage sites. Any obviously redundant or contradictory requirements
need to be eliminated. In some cases, a piece of cultural heritage may be crumbling
right before our eyes, but formally, such imperfect regulations make it impossible
to take prompt measures to save it. 古老的建築、莊園和教堂是我們民族認同的明顯體現，是世代之間密不可分的連結。我想請政府、議會和國務院相關部門廣泛徵求公眾意見，對文化遺產保護和利用的監管框架進行審查。任何明顯多餘或矛盾的要求都需要消除。在某些情況下，一件文化遺產可能就在我們眼前搖搖欲墜，但從形式上來說，如此不完美的法規使得我們無法及時採取措施來拯救它。
I suggest developing a long-term programme
for preserving Russia’s cultural heritage sites, and I hope it will cover a 20-year
period and include support measures for people, companies, and public associations
willing to invest their work, time and money into restoring landmarks. 我建議制定一項保護俄羅斯文化遺產的長期計劃，我希望該計劃為期20年，其中包括對願意投入工作、時間和金錢來修復地標的個人、公司和公共協會的支持措施。
This year, we will test these mechanisms
as part of a pilot project carried out by DOM.RF Development Institution covering
five regions: the Trans-Baikal Territory, Novgorod, Ryazan, Smolensk and Tver regions.
Our goal is to repair at least a thousand cultural heritage sites across the country
by 2030, giving them a new lease on life so they can serve people and embellish
our cities and village. 今年，我們將測試這些機制，作為 DOM.RF 發展機構試行計劃的一部分，該計劃涵蓋五個地區：跨貝加爾湖地區、諾夫哥羅德、梁贊、斯摩棱斯克和特維爾地區。我們的目標是到2030年，在全國修復至少1000處文化遺產，讓它們煥發出新的生命，服務人民，美化我們的城市和鄉村。
We will make sure to keep major culture-related
projects running by continuing to fund them. We will undertake infrastructure upgrades
for museums, theatres, libraries, clubs, arts schools and cinemas. Creative cinematic,
online and social-media projects in education, awareness building, history and other
areas will receive over 100 billion rubles over the next six years. 我們將繼續資助重大文化項目，確保其持續運作。我們將對博物館、劇院、圖書館、俱樂部、藝術學校和電影院進行基礎設施升級。教育、意識建設、歷史和其他領域的創意電影、線上和社交媒體項目將在未來六年內獲得超過 1000 億盧布。
I suggest expanding the Pushkin Card
programme, which enables school students and young people to access film screenings,
museums, theatres and exhibitions for free, while offering cultural institutions
an incentive to expand their operations and launch new projects, including by reaching
out to the private sector. I am asking the Government to draft additional proposals
to this effect. 我建議擴大普希金卡計劃，該計劃使中學生和年輕人能夠免費觀看電影、參觀博物館、劇院和展覽，同時為文化機構提供擴大業務和啟動新項目的激勵，包括與私人機構接觸。部門。我要求政府為此起草更多建議。
In addition to this, we will launch
a programme called the Rural Cultural Worker in 2025 along the same lines as the
Rural Teacher and the Rural Doctor programmes. People keep raising this issue during
our meetings. A specialist who moves to a rural area or a small town will be entitled
to a non-recurring grant of 1 million rubles or twice as much, i.e., 2 million rubles,
when moving to Russia’s Far East, Donbass or Novorossiya. 除此之外，我們還將在2025年啟動一個名為「鄉村文化工作者」的項目，與「鄉村教師」和「鄉村醫生」計劃相同。人們在我們的會議期間不斷提出這個問題。移居農村或小鎮的專家將有權獲得100萬盧布的一次性補助金，或移居俄羅斯遠東地區、頓巴斯或新俄羅斯時的兩倍，即200萬盧布。
There is another additional decision
we need to work on and adopt. I am asking the Government to offer special lending
terms for family mortgages in small towns, as well as in regions that do not build
many blocks of flats or none at all. We need to do this as quickly as possible and
define the main terms for these loans, including the down payment and interest rates.
I am asking you to keep this on your radar; I look forward to your proposals. 我們還需要研究並通過另一個額外的決定。我要求政府為小城鎮以及沒有建造很多公寓或根本沒有建造公寓的地區的家庭抵押貸款提供特殊貸款條件。我們需要盡快做到這一點，並確定這些貸款的主要條款，包括首付和利率。我請你留意這一點；我期待大家的建議。
Moving on, we will renew targeted mortgage
lending programmes with a 2 percent interest rate for Russia’s Far East, the Arctic,
Donbass and Novorossiya. Special military operation participants and veterans will
also be entitled to these subsidised loans.
接下來，我們將為俄羅斯遠東地區、北極地區、頓巴斯和新俄羅斯地區續簽利率為 2% 的定向抵押貸款計劃。特種軍事行動參與者和退伍軍人也將有權獲得這些補貼貸款。
We will provide separate support for
the integrated development areas, the construction of residential areas replete
with the infrastructure in the regions with inadequate levels of socioeconomic development,
where many of our usual proposals do not work. For these territories, we will set
aside an additional 120 billion rubles. 對於經濟社會發展水平不高的地區，我們通常提出的許多方案都行不通，我們會單獨支持綜合開發區、基礎設施齊全的居住區建設。對於這些領土，我們將額外撥出1200億盧布。
In this regard, we are faced with another
system-wide challenge. With the federal backup, many regions have significantly
increased the pace of relocating residents from dilapidated blocks of flats. A total
of 1.73 million people have moved into new flats over the past 16 years, and it
is important not to lose this momentum in the next six years. I urge the Government
to draft and launch a new programme for relocating residents from dilapidated and
structurally unsafe buildings. 在這方面，我們面臨另一個全系統的挑戰。在聯邦政府的支持下，許多地區顯著加快了從破舊公寓大樓搬遷居民的步伐。過去16年裡，共有173萬人搬進了新公寓，未來六年不要失去這股勢頭。我敦促政府起草並啟動一項新計劃，將居民從破舊且結構不安全的建築物中搬遷。
With regard to housing and utilities,
we will step up the pace of updating the utilities infrastructure. A total of 4.5
trillion rubles, including private funds, will be allocated for these purposes until
2030. 住房和公用事業方面，加快公用事業基礎設施更新步伐。到 2030 年，總計 4.5 兆盧布（包括私人資金）將用於這些目的。
We will continue to implement the Clean
Water Project. Clean water is a top priority for many of our urban and rural areas.
We are primarily talking about a reliable supply of high-quality drinking water. 繼續實施清潔水工程。清潔水是我們許多城市和農村地區的首要任務。我們主要討論的是高品質飲用水的可靠供應。
Gas distribution is a separate subject.
Our plans include providing this environmentally friendly fuel to towns and districts
in Yakutia and Buryatia, as well as the Khabarovsk, Primorye and Trans-Baikal territories,
the Murmansk and Amur regions, the Jewish Autonomous Area, Karelia, and the major
Russian city of Krasnoyarsk. We will also supply LNG to the Kamchatka Territory
and certain other regions. 天然氣分配是一個單獨的主題。我們的計劃包括向雅庫特和布里亞特的城鎮和地區，以及哈巴羅夫斯克、濱海邊疆區和外貝加爾地區、摩爾曼斯克和阿穆爾地區、猶太自治區、卡累利阿和俄羅斯主要城市克拉斯諾亞爾斯克提供這種環保燃料。我們也將向堪察加地區和某些其他地區供應液化天然氣。
Naturally, this will make it possible
to expand the social gas supply programme which was already used to build the gas
distribution infrastructure free of charge to the property lines of 1.1 million
land plots. Applications continue to be accepted, and we are helping entitled groups
of citizens, including the families of those in the special military operation,
install gas lines within their plots of land.
當然，這將使已經用於免費建設燃氣分配基礎設施的社會供氣計劃擴大到110萬塊地塊的產權範圍。申請繼續被接受，我們正在幫助有資格的公民群體，包括特種軍事行動人員的家屬，在他們的土地上安裝天然氣管道。
On a separate note, there are horticultural
non-commercial partnerships within the boundaries of many communities outfitted
with gas grids. For years, sometimes from generation to generation, people have
been tending to their land plots, and are now building houses suitable for year-round
living, but they are unable to hook up to the grid because these partnerships are
not included in the Social Gas Infrastructure Development programme. 另一方面，在許多配備天然氣管網的社區範圍內存在園藝非商業合作夥伴關係。多年來，有時是一代又一代，人們一直在照顧他們的土地，現在正在建造適合全年居住的房屋，但他們無法連接到電網，因為這些合作夥伴關係不包含在社會天然氣中基礎設施發展計劃。
This problem affects millions of households
and must be resolved in the interests of our citizens, meaning that the social gas
infrastructure development programme should be expanded to include them, and the
grid should be extended to the boundaries of the partnerships. 這個問題影響著數百萬家庭，必須為了我們公民的利益而解決，這意味著社會天然氣基礎設施發展計劃應該擴大到包括他們，電網應該延伸到合作夥伴的邊界。
Residents in remote northern and far
eastern territories, where grid gas will not be available any time soon, will also
be supported. Today, they heat their homes with coal or wood. Now, with the state
subsidies, they will be able to purchase modern and domestically produced, environmentally
safe equipment. The neediest families should be supported first. We will allocate
an additional 32 billion rubles for these purposes. 偏遠北部和遠東地區的居民短期內無法獲得電網天然氣，也將獲得支持。如今，他們用煤炭或木頭為房子取暖。現在，有了國家補貼，他們將能夠購買現代化的、國產的、環保的設備。最需要幫助的家庭應該先得到支持。我們將為此目的額外撥款 320 億盧布。
We will develop public transport considering
today’s environmental standards and lower its average age. The Russian regions will
receive an additional 40,000 buses, trolleybuses, trams, and electric buses by 2030.
We will allocate an additional 150 billion rubles from the federal budget for this
public transport renewal programme. 我們將根據當今的環境標準發展公共交通並降低其平均使用年限。到 2030 年，俄羅斯各地區將新增 40,000 輛公車、無軌電車、有軌電車和電動公車。我們將從聯邦預算中為這一公共交通更新計劃額外撥款 1500 億盧布。
We will also replace the school bus
fleet at a rate of at least 3,000 vehicles per year, which is especially important
for small towns and rural areas. Both residents and heads of municipalities and
regions are talking about this. This programme is indeed very important. Therefore,
we will allocate an additional 66 billion rubles for the purchase of school buses.
And, of course, they must either be entirely made in Russia or with a high degree
of localisation. 我們還將每年更換至少3000輛校車，這對小城鎮和農村地區尤其重要。居民和市、區負責人都在談論這個問題。這個計劃確實非常重要。因此，我們將追加撥款660億盧布用於購買校車。當然，它們必須要完全在俄羅斯製造，或高度本地化。
As you know, we have managed to reduce
harmful emissions in the atmosphere in 12 industrial centres of Russia as part of
the Clean Air project, with 29 more cities having joined it last year. The volume
of harmful emissions into the atmosphere across the country must be halved. We will
move towards this goal step by step. A comprehensive environmental quality monitoring
system will be created to assess the results.
如大家所知，作為清潔空氣計劃的一部分，我們已經成功減少了俄羅斯 12 個工業中心的大氣中有害氣體排放，去年又有 29 個城市加入了該計劃。全國有害氣體排放量必須減少一半。我們將一步一腳印地朝著這個目標前進。將建立全面的環境品質監測系統來評估結果。
Over the last five years, thousands
of kilometres of rivers and banks have been cleaned, and dirty runoff into the Volga
has been almost halved. Now I propose setting a goal of halving the pollution of
Russia’s main bodies of water. 過去五年來，數千公里的河流和河岸得到了清理，流入伏爾加河的髒徑流幾乎減少了一半。現在我建議設定一個目標，將俄羅斯主要水體的污染減少一半。
Over the last five years, 128 large
landfills in cities and 80 sites of accumulated environmental damage that were literally
poisoning the lives of people in 53 regions of Russia have been cleared. The territories
of the Krasny Bor landfill, the Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill and Usolye-Sibirskoye
have been brought to a safe state. 過去五年來，城市中的 128 個大型垃圾掩埋場和 80 個環境破壞累積點已被清除，這些污染點實際上毒害了俄羅斯 53 個地區人民的生活。紅博爾垃圾掩埋場、貝加爾湖紙漿造紙廠和烏索爾耶-西伯利亞地區已進入安全狀態。
In this regard, colleagues, I would
like to emphasise that only the most urgent measures have been carried out so far
at these sites, but that is far from the end. Under no circumstances should they
be left in the condition as they are now. We must complete this work and create
all the necessary infrastructure there. 對此，各位同事，我想強調的是，到目前為止，這些地點只採取了最緊急的措施，但這還遠遠沒有結束。在任何情況下都不應該讓他們保持現在的狀況。我們必須完成這項工作並在那裡建立所有必要的基礎設施。
Overall, we will continue clearing
the most hazardous sites of accumulated environmental damage. In the next six years,
at least 50 of these sites must be cleared.
整體而言，我們將繼續清除累積環境破壞最危險的地點。在接下來的六年裡，至少有 50 個這樣的地點必須清理。
It is necessary to create incentives
for businesses, introduce green technologies, and switch to a circular economy.
Moreover, we have in fact created an advanced waste management industry from scratch:
250 enterprises have been built to process and dispose of waste. The goal by 2030
is to sort all solid waste and everything that needs to be sorted and reuse at least
a quarter of it. We will allocate additional financing for these projects, and together
with businesses we will build about 400 new waste management facilities and eight
eco-industrial parks. 有必要為企業制定激勵措施，引進綠色技術，轉向循環經濟。此外，我們實際上從無到有地創造了一個先進的廢棄物管理產業：已經建立了250家企業來處理和處置廢棄物。到 2030 年，目標是對所有固體廢物和所有需要分類的物品進行分類，並重複利用至少四分之一。我們將為這些項目分配額外資金，並與企業一起建造約400個新的廢棄物管理設施和8個生態工業園區。
What else do I want to say? At meetings
in the Far East, Siberia and other regions, people spoke a lot about the need to
preserve our wealth of forestland, deal with illegal logging and protect our forests.
This issue hugely resonates with the public. It is important to almost every person.
All of us are pooling efforts here and the situation is gradually changing. 我還想說什麼？在遠東、西伯利亞和其他地區的會議上，人們廣泛談論了保護我們豐富的林地、打擊非法採伐和保護我們的森林的必要性。這個問題引起了公眾的強烈共鳴。這對幾乎每個人都很重要。我們大家共同努力，情勢正在逐步改變。
A very important milestone – since
2021, Russia has been restoring more forestland than it clears. I would like to
thank all the volunteers, school and university students and everyone who planted
trees and took part in environmental activities, and, of course, businesses that
supported such projects. We will certainly continue restoring forests, parks and
gardens, including those surrounding metropolitan areas and industrial centres. 這是一個非常重要的里程碑——自 2021 年以來，俄羅斯恢復的林地數量超過了砍伐的數量。我要感謝所有志工、中小學學生以及所有植樹和參與環保活動的人，當然還有支持此類計劃的企業。我們肯定會繼續恢復森林、公園和花園，包括大都會區和工業中心周圍的森林、公園和花園。
I suggest making a separate decision
on increasing salaries of specialists engaged in the forest industry, meteorology
and environmental protection – all those dealing with the most important issues
of environmental sustainability. We must admit frankly that they are doing vital
work but their pay is very modest. 我建議單獨決定增加從事林業、氣象和環境保護的專家的薪資——所有這些專家都處理環境永續性的最重要問題。我們必須坦白承認，他們所做的工作很重要，但他們的報酬卻非常微薄。
To support civil environmental protection
initiatives, I believe it is necessary to establish a fund for ecological and environmental
projects. It will start off with grants totaling one billion rubles a year. 為了支持民間環保事業，我認為有必要成立生態環境計劃基金。計劃啟動時每年將提供總計 10 億盧布的補助。
We will continue working to preserve
specially protected natural areas, as well as protect and restore populations of
rare and endangered species of flora and fauna. I suggest considering the opening
of a network of centres for rehabilitating injured and confiscated wild animals. 我們將繼續努力保護特別保護區，保護和恢復珍稀瀕危動植物族群。我建議考慮建立一個中心網絡來康復受傷和被沒收的野生動物。
By 2030, we will create infrastructure
of environmental tourism in all national parks of the country, including eco-trails
and tourist hiking routes, weekend tours for schoolchildren, outdoor recreation
areas, museums and visit centres. 到2030年，我們將在全國所有國家公園建立環境旅遊基礎設施，包括生態步道和旅遊健行路線、學童週末遊、戶外休閒區、博物館和遊客中心。
We will build modern safe facilities
near bodies of water as well, including Lake Baikal. A year-round resort will open
there by 2030. It is important to strictly adhere to the zero pollution principle,
that is, to ensure that no waste or untreated sewage of any kind enters the lake.
The construction of the Baikal resort will be part of the large project of the Five
Seas. 我們也將在貝加爾湖等水體附近建造現代化的安全設施。到2030年，那裡將開設一個全年開放的度假村。嚴格遵守零污染原則非常重要，即確保沒有任何廢物或未經處理的污水進入湖中。貝加爾湖度假村的建設將是五海大型計劃的一部分。
Modern hotel complexes will also appear
on the coasts of the Caspian Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Sea of Azov, the Black Sea
and the Sea of Japan. This project alone will make it possible to add another 10
million tourists a year. 現代酒店綜合體也將出現在裏海、波羅的海、亞速海、黑海和日本海沿岸。光是這個項目就可以每年新增1000萬遊客。
Tourism numbers are expected to practically
double to 140 million people a year by
Transport infrastructure is crucial
for the development of tourism and the region as a whole. High-speed auto traffic
between Moscow and Kazan has already opened; this year, we are going to extend the
route to Yekaterinburg, and next year, to Tyumen. In the future, a modern and safe
transport artery will cross the entire country to Vladivostok. 交通基礎設施對於旅遊業和整個地區的發展至關重要。莫斯科和喀山之間的高速汽車交通已經開通；今年，我們計劃將航線延伸至葉卡捷琳堡，明年將延伸至秋明。未來，一條現代化、安全的交通大動脈將穿越全國直達符拉迪沃斯托克。
Also, more than 50 city bypass highways
should be built in Russia in the next six years. Another significant road project
is certainly the Dzhubga-Sochi motorway. It will cut travel time from the M-4 Don
to Sochi by three quarters – up to an hour and a half – and will promote Black Sea
coast development. 此外，未來六年俄羅斯也將興建50多條城市繞道。另一個重要的道路項目當然是朱布加-索契高速公路。它將把從 M-4 Don 到索契的旅行時間縮短四分之三——最多一個半小時——並將促進黑海沿岸的發展。
I must say this at the outset – I have
reached an agreement with the Government, and I want to say this publicly – that
this is a complex and very capital-intensive project. It includes many tunnels and
bridges; it is an expensive project. Nevertheless, I would like to ask the Government
to develop a funding arrangement for it. Work it out. 我首先必須說——我已經與政府達成協議，我想公開說這一點——這是一個複雜且資本密集的項目。它包括許多隧道和橋樑；這是一個昂貴的項目。不過，我想請政府為此制定撥款安排。解決一下。
We have already repaired Russia’s federal
roads and almost 85 percent of roads in major metropolitan areas. It is essential
that we keep this up. At the same time, in the coming years, we will place special
emphasis on the improvement of regional roads.
我們已經修復了俄羅斯聯邦公路和主要大都會區近85%的道路。我們必須保持這一點。同時，未來幾年，我們將特別重視區域道路的改善。
Air travel should become more affordable.
We need to increase Russians’ so-called air mobility. By 2030, air service volumes
in Russia should increase 50 percent compared to last year. 航空旅行應該變得更便宜。我們需要增強俄羅斯所謂的空中機動能力。到 2030 年，俄羅斯的航空服務量將比去年增加 50%。
To this end, we plan to expedite the
development of intra- and interregional air travel. In this regard, the Government
has very specific instructions: to modernise the infrastructure of at least 75 airports,
which is more than a third of Russia’s airports, over the next six years, allocating
at least 250 billion rubles in direct budget financing for this purpose. 為此，我們計劃加快發展區域內和區域間航空旅行。在這方面，政府有非常具體的指示：在未來六年內對至少75個機場（佔俄羅斯機場的三分之一以上）進行基礎設施現代化，為此目的分配至少2,500億盧布的直接預算融資。
The air fleets of our airlines definitely
need upgrades by adding our own Russian-made aircraft. These new planes must meet
all modern requirements for quality, convenience and safety, which is a challenging
task. We used to buy too many planes abroad instead of developing our own domestic
production. 我們航空公司的機隊肯定需要透過添加我們自己的俄羅斯製造的飛機來升級。這些新飛機必須滿足現代化對品質、便利性和安全性的要求，這是一項具有挑戰性的任務。我們過去在國外購買了太多飛機，而不是發展自己的國內生產。
Advanced Russian developments in mechanical
engineering, construction, communications and digital systems will also be highly
needed in building high-speed railways. I would like to say a few words on this. 建設高速鐵路也非常需要俄羅斯在機械工程、建築、通訊和數位系統方面的先進發展。對此我想簡單說幾句。
The first high-speed rail line between
Moscow and St Petersburg will pass through Tver and our ancient capital, Veliky
Novgorod. Later, we will build similar lines to Kazan and the Urals, to Rostov-on-Don,
to the Black Sea coast, to Minsk, our fraternal Belarus, and other popular destinations. 莫斯科和聖彼得堡之間的第一條高鐵線路將經過特維爾和我們的古都大諾夫哥羅德。稍後，我們還將建造類似的線路，前往喀山和烏拉山脈、頓河畔羅斯托夫、黑海沿岸、兄弟白俄羅斯明斯克以及其他熱門目的地。
The all-out modernisation of the Central
Transport Hub will continue. The Moscow Central Diameters, the new surface metro
lines will become part of a network connecting the Moscow Region with the Yaroslavl,
Tver, Kaluga, Vladimir and other regions by modern high-speed routes. 中央交通樞紐的全面現代化建設將繼續進行。莫斯科中心線，新的地面地鐵線將成為透過現代高速路線連接莫斯科地區與雅羅斯拉夫爾、特維爾、卡盧加、弗拉基米爾和其他地區的網路的一部分。
It is also imperative to upgrade the
network of major inland waterways. This should ensure additional economic effects
with regard to tourism, industry, as well as the development of certain sensitive
regions that are very important for us, including the regions of the Far North. 升級主要內河航道網路也勢在必行。這應該確保對旅遊業、工業以及對我們非常重要的某些敏感地區（包括遠北地區）的發展產生額外的經濟影響。
What can I add to this? Modern infrastructure
offers added value and increases market capitalisation for all national assets and
regions serving transit tourist flows, while also helping develop manufacturing
and agricultural facilities and encouraging people to build single-family homes
for their households and create a better living environment for them. This also
means new business opportunities, including on foreign markets. 我可以添加什麼？現代基礎設施為所有國家資產和服務過境旅遊流的地區提供附加價值並提高市值，同時幫助發展製造業和農業設施，鼓勵人們為自己的家庭建造獨棟住宅，為他們創造更好的生活環境。這也意味著新的商機，包括國外市場的商機。
In this context, there is a special
matter we discussed during one of the meetings I had. I am talking about the waiting
times at border checkpoints. This has become an urgent matter in Russia’s Far East.
Customs clearance must take 19 minutes according to our standards, but in reality
truck drivers usually have to wait for hours to cross the border. 在這種情況下，我們在一次會議上討論了一個特殊問題。我說的是邊境檢查站的等待時間。這已成為俄羅斯遠東地區的當務之急。以我們的標準，清關需要19分鐘，但實際上卡車司機通常需要等待幾個小時才能過關。
Our colleagues from the Ministry of
Transport have a specific objective to reduce customs clearance times for freight
transport on the border so that it does not exceed 10 minutes. The latest technological
solutions can make this happen. 我們交通部的同事有一個具體目標，就是減少邊境貨運的通關時間，使其不超過10分鐘。最新的技術解決方案可以實現這一目標。
These requirements are also essential
for the North-South transport corridor to be effective. This route will link Russia
to countries in the Middle East and Asia, and will rely on motorways, as well as
seamless rail connections, from our ports in the Baltic and Barents seas all the
way to the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean. We will also increase the carrying
capacity of our southbound railways to make better use of our ports in the Azov
and Black seas. 這些要求對於南北運輸走廊的有效性也至關重要。這條路線將把俄羅斯與中東和亞洲國家連接起來，並將依靠高速公路和無縫鐵路連接，從我們在波羅的海和巴倫支海的港口一直到波斯灣和印度洋。我們也將提高南向鐵路的運力，更好地利用亞速海、黑海港口。
The effort to expand the Eastern Operating
Domain covers the Baikal-Amur Mainline and the Trans-Siberian Railway. We are about
to launch the third stage. We slacked off at one point, if you will excuse this
expression. In fact, we failed to act when we should have, but that’s okay – we
now have to catch up, and catch up we will. These two railways will increase their
annual throughput capacity from 173 to 210 million tonnes by 2030. At the same time,
there will be an effort to expand the Vanino and the Sovetskaya Gavan ports. 擴大東部營運領域的努力包括貝加爾-阿穆爾幹線和西伯利亞鐵路。我們即將啟動第三階段。我們曾經一度懈怠過，請原諒我這樣說。事實上，我們在應該採取行動的時候卻沒有採取行動，但這沒關係——我們現在必須迎頭趕上，而且我們會迎頭趕上。到2030年，這兩條鐵路的年吞吐量將從173噸增加到2.1億噸。同時，也將努力擴建瓦尼諾港和蘇維埃加萬港。
Northern Sea Route development deserves
special attention. We invite foreign logistics companies and foreign countries to
use this global transport corridor. Last year, freight volumes along this route
reached 36 million tonnes. Colleagues, I would like to draw your attention to the
fact that this exceeds the Soviet-era maximum five times over. We will make the
Northern Sea Route operational year-round and will expand our northern ports, including
the Murmansk transport hub. This includes an effort to expand our Arctic fleet,
of course. 北海航線的發展值得特別關注。我們邀請外國物流公司和外國使用這條全球運輸走廊。去年，該航線貨運量達3,600萬噸。各位同事，我想提請你們注意，這個數字超過了蘇聯時代最高限額的五倍。我們將使北海航線全年運營，並擴大我們的北部港口，包括摩爾曼斯克交通樞紐。當然，這包括擴大我們的北極艦隊的努力。
The Severny Polyus (North Pole), a
unique research icebreaking platform, sailed last year. This year, the Baltic Shipyard
started building the Leningrad, a new nuclear icebreaker. Next year, we will start
building the Stalingrad, which belongs to the same class of ships. As for the Zvezda
Shipyard in Russia’s Far East, it is building the Lider (Leader), a new-generation
icebreaker that will have double the power of its predecessors. Severny Polyus（北極）是一個獨特的研究破冰平台，於去年啟航。今年，波羅的海造船廠開始建造新型核破冰船列寧格勒號。明年我們將開始建造史達林格勒號，它屬於同級艦艇。至於俄羅斯遠東的Zvezda造船廠，它正在建造Lider（領導者）號，這是一艘新一代破冰船，其動力將是其前輩的兩倍。
Russia’s shipyards will upgrade much
of our commercial fleet, including tankers, gas carriers and container ships. This
effort is expected to enable Russian businesses to streamline their trade operations
considering the changing logistics environment and radical shifts in the global
economy. 俄羅斯造船廠將升級我們的大部分商業船隊，包括油輪、天然氣運輸船和貨櫃船。考慮到不斷變化的物流環境和全球經濟的根本變化，這項努力預計將使俄羅斯企業能夠簡化其貿易業務。
Fellow citizens, friends, 各位公民朋友們：
I would like to make special mention
of something. I meet regularly with participants in the special military operation,
including career military personnel and volunteers, as well as people of civilian
professions who were mobilised for military service. All of them took up arms and
rose in defence of our Motherland. 我想特別提及一件事。我定期會見特種軍事行動的參與者，包括職業軍人和志願者，以及被動員參軍的文職人員。他們全都拿起武器，奮起保衛我們的祖國。
You know, I look at these courageous
men, sometimes very young men and, without exaggeration, I can say that my heart
overflows with pride for our people, our nation and these people in particular.
Without a doubt, people like them will not back down, fail or betray. 你知道，我看著這些勇敢的人，有時是非常年輕的人，毫不誇張地說，我的心中充滿了對我們的人民、我們的國家，特別是這些人民的自豪。毫無疑問，像他們這樣的人不會退縮、失敗或背叛。
They should take leading positions
in the system of education and upbringing of young people, in public associations,
state-run companies and privately held businesses, federal and municipal administration.
They should head regions and enterprises, as well as major national projects. Some
of these heroes and patriots are quite low-key and reserved in everyday life. They
do not brag about their accomplishments, or talk big. But at pivotal moments in
history, such people come to the fore and take responsibility. People who think
about the country and live as one with it can be entrusted with the future of Russia. 他們應該在年輕人的教育和培養體系、公共協會、國營公司和私人企業、聯邦和市政府中發揮領導作用。他們應該領導地區和企業，以及國家重大計劃。其中一些英雄和愛國人士在日常生活中表現得相當低調和矜持。他們不吹噓自己的成就，也不說大話。但在歷史的關鍵時刻，這樣的人就會站出來負責。那些為國家著想、與國家融為一體的人們可以託付俄羅斯的未來。
You know that the word “elite” has
lost much of its credibility. Those who have done nothing for society and consider
themselves a caste endowed with special rights and privileges – especially those
who took advantage of all kinds of economic processes in the 1990s to line their
pockets – are definitely not the elite. To reiterate, those who serve Russia, hard
workers and military, reliable, trustworthy people who have proven their loyalty
to Russia by deeds, in a word, dignified people are the genuine elite. 你知道「精英」這個詞已經失去了很多可信度。那些對社會毫無貢獻、自認為擁有特殊權利和特權的階層——尤其是那些利用20世紀90年代各種經濟進程中飽私囊的人——絕對不是精英。重申一下，那些為俄羅斯服務的人、辛勤的工人和軍人、可靠的、值得信賴的人，用行動證明了對俄羅斯的忠誠，總之，有尊嚴的人才是真正的精英。
In this regard, I would like to announce
a new decision which, I believe, is important. Starting tomorrow, March 1, 2024,
the veterans of the special military operations, as well as soldiers and officers
who are currently fighting in active units, will be able to apply to be in the first
class of a special personnel training programme. Let us call it Time of Heroes.
Truth be told, this idea came to me when I met with the St Petersburg students who
served in the special military operation. This programme will be built according
to the standards of our best projects, namely, the Higher School of Public Administration,
also known as the “school of governors,” and the Leaders of Russia contest. Their
graduates tend to reach high positions in many spheres, and even become ministers
and heads of regions. 在這方面，我想宣布一項我認為很重要的新決定。從明天（2024年3月1日）開始，特種軍事行動的退伍軍人以及目前在現役部隊作戰的士兵和軍官將可以申請參加特種人員訓練計劃的頭等艙。讓我們稱之為英雄時代。說實話，這個想法是在我會見參加特種軍事行動的聖彼得堡學生時產生的。該計劃將根據我們最好的項目（即公共管理高等學院也稱為「州長學院」）和俄羅斯領導人競賽的標準來建造。他們的畢業生往往在許多領域擔任高級職務，甚至成為部長和地區負責人。
Active military members and veterans
with university degrees and managerial experience will be welcome to enroll, regardless
of their rank or position. What matters is that those individuals have shown their
best qualities, have shown that they know how to lead their comrades. 歡迎現役軍人和具有大學學位和管理經驗的退伍軍人報名，無論其軍銜或職位如何。重要的是，這些人展示了他們最好的品質，表明他們知道如何領導他們的同志。
The course of study will begin in the
coming months. The first cohort of participants will be mentored by senior officials
from the Government, the Presidential Executive Office, federal ministries and agencies,
heads of regions and our largest companies. In the future, we will expand such personnel
training programmes, launch management courses at the Presidential Academy of National
Economy and Public Administration, and I deem it expedient to raise the status of
the Academy at the legislative level. 學習課程將在未來幾個月內開始。第一批參與者將接受來自政府、總統行政辦公室、聯邦部會和機構、地區和我們最大公司的高級官員的指導。今後我們將擴大這樣的人才培養計劃，在總統國民經濟與公共管理學院開設管理課程，我認為有利於提高學院在立法層面的地位。
In addition, veterans and participants
of the special military operation will have priority entitlement to join higher
education programmes in civilian specialties at our leading universities. 此外，退伍軍人和特種軍事行動的參與者將有優先權參加我們領先大學的民間專業高等教育課程。
I would like to ask the Defence Ministry
and all unit commanders to support their soldiers and officers’ interest in joining
the new personnel training programme, to give them the opportunity to apply and
to physically attend classes. I would like to note that the special military operation
participants, including privates, sergeants and combat officers, are already the
backbone of our Armed Forces. And, as I have said, those who intend to continue
their military careers will receive priority promotion, enrollment in command courses,
military schools and academies. 我謹請國防部和各部隊指揮官支持他們的士兵和軍官參加新的人員訓練計劃，為他們提供申請和親自上課的機會。我想指出的是，特種軍事行動的參與者，包括二等兵、中士和作戰軍官，已經是我們武裝部隊的骨幹。而且，正如我所說，那些打算繼續軍事生涯的人將獲得優先晉升、入讀指揮課程、軍事學校和學院。
Friends, 朋友們
Independence, self-sufficiency and
sovereignty must be proven and reaffirmed every day. This is our responsibility
for Russia’s present and future, something no else can do but us. This is about
our Motherland, the Motherland of our ancestors, and no one will ever need it and
treasure it the way we do – except our descendants, to whom we must pass on a strong
and prosperous country. 獨立、自給自足和主權必須每天證明和重申。這是我們對俄羅斯現在和未來的責任，除了我們之外沒有其他人可以做到。這是關於我們的祖國，我們祖先的祖國，沒有人會像我們一樣需要它並珍惜它——除了我們的後代，我們必須將一個強大而繁榮的國家傳給他們。
Over the past few years, we have successfully
built a management system, and implemented our national projects relying on large
amounts of data and modern digital technologies. This has enabled us to increase
efficiency, manage risks, build on the entire amount of available information, and
continuously fine-tune our projects and programmes while relying on feedback from
our people. 幾年來，我們依靠大量數據和現代數位技術，成功建立了管理體系，實施了國家計劃。這使我們能夠提高效率、管理風險、利用全部可用資訊並根據員工的回饋不斷調整我們的專案和計劃。
I would like to thank my colleagues
from the Government, agencies and regions that were meticulously building this system
all these years – during the pandemic and in the face of the sanctions aggression
against Russia. I know that this was a challenging and difficult job, but the main
point is that it is already paying off. We are seeing this in the results. 我要感謝來自政府、機構和地區的夥伴們，他們多年來在大流行期間以及面對針對俄羅斯的制裁侵略時精心構建了這一系統。我知道這是一項充滿挑戰和困難的工作，但最重要的是它已經得到了回報。我們在結果中看到了這一點。
We will continue following precisely
this logic. It is necessary to endorse and coordinate with each other all the national
projects I spoke about today. I would like to emphasise again that these are not
projects of separate departments. They should work for common system-wide objectives
and for our national development goals. That said, I would like to ask the Russian
Popular Front to continue monitoring the implementation of decisions at all levels
of government. 我們將繼續遵循這一邏輯。我今天談到的所有國家項目都需要互相認可和協調。我想再次強調，這些不是單獨部門的項目。它們應該為共同的全系統目標和我們的國家發展目標而努力。儘管如此，我想請俄羅斯人民陣線繼續監督各級政府決策的執行情況。
I would like to stress that the main
result of our programmes is measured not in tonnes, kilometres or money spent. The
main thing is that people see changes for the better in their life. The scale of
historical challenges facing Russia requires extremely clear, coordinated work of
the state, civil society and the business community. 我想強調的是，我們計劃的主要成果不是以噸數、公里數或花費的金錢來衡量的。最重要的是，人們看到生活發生了更好的變化。俄羅斯面臨的歷史性挑戰的規模需要國家、民間社會和企業界極其明確、協調的工作。
I consider it necessary to not only
prepare a draft budget for the next three years but also to plan all major spending
and investment further on, up to
We are mapping out long-term plans
despite this complicated period, despite the current trials and difficulties. The
programme that I set out in the address today is based on facts and tackles fundamental
matters. This is a programme of a strong sovereign country looking to the future
with confidence. We have both resources and enormous opportunities to achieve the
goals we set ourselves. 儘管當前情況複雜，困難重重，但我們正在制訂長遠規劃。我今天在演講中提出的綱領是基於事實、解決根本問題的。這是一個強大主權國家滿懷信心展望未來的方案。我們擁有資源和巨大的機會來實現我們自己設定的目標。
But now I will emphasise the main thing.
Today, making good on all these plans directly depends on our soldiers, officers
and volunteers – all military personnel that are now fighting at the front. It depends
on the courage and resolve of our comrades-in-arms that are defending the Motherland,
going on the offensive, moving forward under fire and sacrificing themselves for
the sake of us, for the sake of the Fatherland. It is our fighters that are creating
today the absolutely essential conditions for the future of the country and its
development. 但現在我要強調主要的事情。今天，所有這些計劃的落實直接取決於我們的士兵、軍官和志願者——所有正在前線作戰的軍人。這取決於我們的戰友為了我們、為了祖國而保衛祖國、進攻、衝鋒、犧牲的勇氣和決心。正是我們的戰士今天正在為國家的未來及其發展創造絕對必要的條件。
You have our deepest respect, guys. 夥計們，我們向你們致以最深切的敬意。
I would like to thank all of you, colleagues,
and all citizens of Russia for their solidarity and reliability. We are one big
family; we stand together and for this reason we will do everything we plan and
desire and dream. 我要感謝你們所有人、同事以及所有俄羅斯公民的團結和可靠。我們是一個大家庭；我們站在一起，因此我們將實現我們計劃、渴望和夢想的一切。
I have faith in our victories, successes
and the future of Russia! 我對我們的勝利、成功和俄羅斯的未來充滿信心！
Thank you. 謝謝
(National Anthem of the Russian Federation
plays.) （奏俄羅斯聯邦國歌。）
http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/73585
沒有留言:
張貼留言
請網友務必留下一致且可辨識的稱謂
顧及閱讀舒適性，段與段間請空一行