202307 葉倫訪中會談與記者會

美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦在与中华人民共和国国务院总理李强会晤时发表讲话    葉倫 20230709

李总理，我很高兴在巴黎峰会之后再次见到您。

去年11月，拜登总统和习近平主席在巴厘岛（Bali）举行了首次面对面的总统会晤。他们强调指出，我们两国的高层官员应当深化在宏观经济稳定方面的建设性努力，并应对共同的全球挑战。

我来北京是为了继续向这个方向推进。最近，我发表了一次演讲，阐述了本届政府对中国的经济方针。我们寻求健康的经济竞争，这种竞争不是赢者全拿，而是通过一系列公平的规则能使两国长期受益。

在重要的全球挑战方面，美国和中国对自己的国家以及整个世界都有责任进行合作并展示领导力。

美国在特定情况下将需要采取有针对性的行动来保护其国家安全。在这些情况下，我们可能会有分歧。

然而，我们不应当让任何分歧导致误解，从而不必要地造成我们的双边经济和金融关系恶化。

我同意您在世界经济论坛（World Economic Forum）发表演讲时所言：“差异不应该成为产生隔阂的理由，而恰恰是加强沟通和交流的动力。”

我希望这次访问能够促进我们两国之间更为常态的沟通渠道。
我期待我们的讨论。

欲查看原稿内容:https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1591

 

美国财政部长珍妮特·耶伦与在中华人民共和国运营的美国企业的圆桌讨论会上发表讲话    葉倫 20230707

感谢各位参加今天的会议，很高兴见到大家。

我此次来到北京是为了落实拜登总统去年11月与习近平主席会晤后所做的指示，深化我们与中国的沟通，包括在经济问题上的沟通。

我们认为，确保美中高层保持直接、明确的沟通渠道符合两国的最佳利益。在经济领域，与中国有关官员的定期交流有助于我们监控经济和金融风险，也有助于为两国之间建立健康的经济关系创造条件。

我认为这一点目前尤为重要，因为全球经济正面临着俄罗斯在乌克兰的非法战争以及疫情造成的持续影响等困境。

在此次访问期间，我将与中国官员讨论我们各自的经济前景。

正如我在4月份的演讲中所说，美国寻求与中国进行良性经济竞争。然而，只有当这种竞争是公平的时候，良性经济竞争才可持续，从而使双方都能从中受益。

在与中国有关官员的会晤中，我转达了从美国商界听到的担忧，包括中国使用非市场手段，如增大对中国国有企业和国内企业的补贴，并对外国企业市场准入设置壁垒等。近几个月针对美国企业的惩罚性行动令我尤感不安。

我也对中国最近宣布的针对半导体等技术中使用的两种关键金属原料的新出口管制表示关切。我们仍在评估这些行动的影响，但这提醒我们建立有韧性和多元化的供应链的重要性。

我们与中国的经济关系必须符合美国工人和企业的利益。我将始终捍卫你们的利益，并努力确保有一个公平的竞争环境。这包括与我们的盟友协调应对中国的不公平经济行为。

我还认为，转向市场改革符合中国自身的利益。基于市场的做法帮助推动了中国的快速增长，并帮助数亿人摆脱了贫困。这是一个非凡的经济成功的实例。

你们中的许多公司都知道一个公平的竞争环境如何使我们两国都受益。中国拥有庞大并且不断增长的中产阶级，消费者渴望消费美国商品和服务。

我已经明确表示，美国不寻求两国经济的全面分离。我们寻求多元化，而不是脱钩。两个世界上最大的经济体之间的脱钩将破坏全球经济稳定，而且几乎不可能做到。

我还明确表示，我们为保护国家安全所采取的行动针对的是很窄的范围，其前提完全是出于国家安全考虑，而并不是为了获得对中国的经济优势。

事实上，去年我们两国之间的贸易达到了历史最高水平。如果公平的话，贸易和投资能够支持美国国内的就业，并促进美国的创新。美国与中国之间稳定及建设性的关系符合美国工人和企业的利益。

我期待今天听到你们在中国的有关规划，以及中国的各项政策和做法对你们的业务运营产生了哪些影响。

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欲查看原稿内容: https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy1590

 

Remarks by Secretary of the Treasury Janet L. Yellen at Press Conference in Beijing, the People’s Republic of China    Jannet L. Yellen 20230708

As Prepared for Delivery

Thanks for being here today.

The relationship between the United States and the People’s Republic of China is one of the most consequential of our time. As the world’s two largest economies, our nations collectively represent 40 percent of the global economy. What we do – both in the bilateral sphere as well as on the broader global stage – shapes the lives and livelihoods of the people in our countries and beyond.

I have been intent on speaking about this relationship plainly and honestly: to address the challenges and opportunities that face us based on sober realities. The U.S. and China have significant disagreements. Those disagreements need to be communicated clearly and directly. But President Biden and I do not see the relationship between the U.S. and China through the frame of great power conflict. We believe that the world is big enough for both of our countries to thrive. Both nations have an obligation to responsibly manage this relationship: to find a way to live together and share in global prosperity.

Like Secretary Blinken, I came to Beijing to deliver on President Biden’s directive to deepen bilateral communications after his meeting with President Xi last November. My objective during this trip has been to establish and deepen relationships with the new economic leadership team in place in Beijing. Our discussions are part of a broader concerted effort to stabilize the relationship, reduce the risk of misunderstanding, and discuss areas of cooperation.

Over the past two days, I have had the chance to do just that. I’ve met with Premier Li, Vice Premier He, Finance Minister Liu, People’s Bank of China Head Pan, and other senior officials to discuss important pillars of our economic relationship. These conversations were direct, substantive, and productive. We were able to learn more about each other’s economies and policy choices, which I believe is vital as the world’s two largest economies. Even where we don’t see eye-to-eye, I believe there is clear value in the frank and in-depth discussions we had on the opportunities and challenges in our relationship, and the better understanding it gave us of each country’s actions and intentions. Broadly speaking, I believe that my bilateral meetings – which totaled about 10 hours over two days – served as a step forward in our effort to put the U.S.-China relationship on surer footing.

Let me touch upon a few of our discussions in greater detail.

First, I communicated that President Biden and I seek a future of healthy economic competition between our countries. We believe it is possible to achieve an economic relationship that is mutually beneficial in the long term – one that supports growth and innovation on both sides. Indeed, I noted that China’s growth has lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty and made clear that the United States is not seeking to decouple from China. There is an important distinction between decoupling, on the one hand, and on the other hand, diversifying critical supply chains or taking targeted national security actions. We know that a decoupling of the world’s two largest economies would be disastrous for both countries and destabilizing for the world. And it would be virtually impossible to undertake. We want a dynamic and healthy global economy that is open, free, and fair – not one that is fragmented or forces countries to take sides.

I also communicated to my counterparts that healthy economic competition is only sustainable if it benefits both sides. I pressed them on our serious concerns about China’s unfair economic practices. That includes the breadth and depth of China’s non-market policies, along with barriers to market access for foreign firms and issues involving intellectual property. Fair treatment is critical so American firms and workers compete on a level playing field – and benefit economically from trade and investment with China and the huge market it presents for American goods and services. I also expressed my worries about a recent uptick in coercive actions against American firms.

Importantly, I believe that a shift toward a more market-oriented system in China would not only be in the interests of the U.S. and other countries. It would be better for the Chinese economy as well. During this trip, I met with U.S. business leaders who said they would like to see greater economic engagement with China. I also know that many businesses have expressed a range of concerns on the challenges that foreign firms can face here. It is important that we work together to make sure businesses understand there is a wide swath of economic interactions that are uncontroversial to both sides.

Second, we also spoke about national security and human rights. I emphasized to my counterparts the necessity of clear and direct communication on the actions we are taking – and why we are taking them. Senior-level engagement is particularly vital during moments of tension. The U.S. will continue to take targeted actions that are necessary to protect our national security interests and those of our allies. As we do so, we adhere to a set of important principles like making sure our national security actions are transparent, narrowly scoped, and targeted to clear objectives. Importantly, these actions are motivated by straightforward national security considerations. They are not used by us to gain economic advantage.

I also raised the importance of ending Russia’s brutal and illegal war against Ukraine. As we continue to monitor the domestic situation in Russia, U.S. support for Ukraine will not change. And I communicated that it is essential that Chinese firms avoid providing Russia with material support or assistance with sanctions evasion.

Third, we discussed areas where we can work together on global challenges – from tackling the climate crisis to addressing sovereign debt sustainability. This is not a bilateral issue between China and the United States. It is about responsible global leadership. The world deserves and expects its two largest economies to work together on these global problems and help find solutions.

We exchanged views on macroeconomic and financial developments in both of our countries. And we shared a common understanding that sustained engagement on these issues was important to maintaining global financial stability. On debt distress in developing countries and emerging markets, we welcomed recent progress on individual cases such as Zambia. I reiterated the importance of timely and comprehensive participation by all bilateral official creditors in other urgent cases. Our Administration believes that improving the debt restructuring process is crucial for the world economy. In addition, we believe that China, as the world’s largest bilateral creditor, can gain from the greater certainty provided by those improvements. We also spoke about the opportunity to work together to mobilize private financing for climate action. And I was able to meet with a group of climate finance leaders in Beijing at a roundtable event. The U.S. Treasury and the People’s Bank of China co-chair the G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group, a concrete example of our ability to work together and lead on global challenges. We also spoke about important efforts to modernize our international development finance system.

No one visit will solve our challenges overnight. But I expect that this trip will help build a resilient and productive channel of communication with China’s new economic team. Over the past two years, there has been significant public coverage of meetings between our two sides, including my and Secretary Blinken’s visits to China. My hope is that we can move to a phase in our relationship where senior-level diplomacy is simply taken as a natural element of managing one of the world’s most consequential bilateral relationships.

Let me end by saying this: navigating the contours of the relationship between the United States and China is no easy task. But we must never forget that, despite the challenges, our path is not predestined. During this trip, I had the opportunity to meet with a group of Chinese women economists. These economists grew up an ocean away from America, but they share much in common with the American economists I’ve worked with throughout my career: a desire to do good work and secure a better future for themselves, their families, and the world. Ultimately, what road we go down in our bilateral relationship is a choice that both countries make. I believe that our two countries must make the right choice for our people and the world: one that advances our shared interest for peace and prosperity.

With that, I will take your questions.