美中經濟暨安全審查委員會（USCC）2019年度報告摘要：台灣部分 20191114 Taimocracy翻譯

美中經濟暨安全審查委員會（USCC）2019年度報告摘要：台灣部分    20191114  Taimocracy翻譯

https://www.uscc.gov/sites/default/files/2019-11/2019%20Executive%20Summary.pdf

Chapter 5: Taiwan

The Taiwan Relations Act, which set the foundation for ties between the United States and Taiwan following the United States’ severing of diplomatic ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan), celebrated its 40th anniversary in 2019. In the 40 years since the Taiwan Relations Act’s signing, Taiwan has become a thriving multiparty democracy. Taiwan has a robust civil society and rule of law that protects universal human rights, open public discourse, and a free and independent media. The vibrancy of Taiwan’s democratic system is on display in the ongoing campaigns for the 2020 presidential and legislative elections. In addition to being a model of a successful democracy for the Indo-Pacific region, Taiwan has become an increasingly important economic and geostrategic partner for the United States.

《台灣關係法》為美國與中華民國（台灣）斷絕外交關係後奠定了美台關係的基礎，該法於2019年慶祝其成立40週年。《台灣關係法》頒布以來，已有40年的歷史。法案簽署後，台灣已成為繁榮的多黨民主國家。台灣擁有健全的公民社會和法治，可以保護普遍人權，公開的言論和自由獨立的媒體。台灣民主制度的活力展現在正進行的2020年總統和立法選舉中。台灣不僅是印度太平洋地區成功民主的典範，而且已經成為美國日益重要的經濟和地緣戰略合作夥伴。

Meanwhile, throughout 2019 Beijing adopted a more coercive policy toward Taiwan, seeking to isolate and intimidate Taipei into unification on Beijing’s terms. In January 2019, General Secretary Xi delivered a major speech on Beijing’s Taiwan policy in which he claimed that Taiwan’s unification with the People’s Republic of China was inevitable and indicated that the “one country, two systems” model was the only acceptable arrangement for unification. That model has been roundly rejected by the Taiwan public and multiple Taiwan presidential administrations.

同時，在整個2019年，北京對台灣採取了更具強制性的政策，力圖孤立和恐嚇台北，使之與北京統一。2019年1月，習近平總書記就北京的台灣政策發表了重要講話，他聲稱台灣與中華人民共和國的統一是不可避免的，並指出「一國兩制」模式是唯一可以接受的統一安排。這種模式已被台灣公眾和台灣多屆總統全面拒絕。

In implementing its more coercive approach, Beijing sharply escalated its military, diplomatic, and economic pressure against Taiwan, including interfering in Taiwan’s media to shape public opinion on China and cross-Strait relations.  In the Taiwan Strait area, the PLA carried out a series of provocative operations not seen in 20 years, while Beijing enticed two more of Taiwan’s remaining 17 diplomatic partners to switch recognition to Beijing.  It also severely curtailed cross-Strait tourism flows by suspending all approvals for individual tourists to visit Taiwan.  Beijing’s multipronged pressure campaign limits Taipei’s ability to fully engage with the international community and diversify its economy away from deep reliance on China (see Figure 15).

北京為採取更具強制性的方式，對台灣的軍事，外交和經濟壓力急劇上升，包括干預台灣媒體以形塑對中國和兩岸關係的輿論。在台灣海峽地區，中國人民解放軍進行了一系列20年來未曾發生的挑釁行動，而北京則誘使台灣其餘17個外交夥伴中的另外兩個將承認移交給北京。它也暫停了自由行旅客赴台旅遊的所有許可，從而嚴重限制了兩岸的旅遊數量。北京的多管齊下的壓力運動限制了台北與國際社會充分接觸並使其經濟擺脫對中國的依賴的能力。

The people of Taiwan are now observing Beijing’s unification model unfold in Hong Kong, where millions of people are fighting for their civil liberties against an unbending authoritarian regime. Should Beijing succeed in coercing Taiwan into submitting to a similar unification agreement, it not only would damage U.S. national security interests but also could undermine the progress of democratic values and institutions in the region.

台灣人民現在正在觀察北京在香港推行的統一模式。在那裡，數百萬人在為捍衛自己的公民自由，而與一個絕不妥協的獨裁政權進行鬥爭。如果北京成功迫使台灣屈服於類似的統一協議，那不僅會損害美國的國家安全利益，而且會破壞該地區民主價值觀和機構的進步。

Key Findings  關鍵證據

▶ In 2019, General Secretary Xi made clear his increasingly uncompromising stance toward Taiwan’s independent status and sense of urgency regarding unification.  Beijing intensified its multipronged campaign to coerce and isolate Taiwan, including by supporting Taiwan politicians Beijing finds palatable, while opposing and seeking to discredit those it does not, particularly Taiwan’s elected government headed by President Tsai Ing-wen.  Guided by this policy, Beijing redoubled its efforts to bypass Taiwan’s central government by conducting negotiations with unelected political parties, groups, and individuals.

▶2019年，習近平總書記明確表示了對台灣獨立地位和統一的緊迫感的日益堅定的立場。北京加強了多方面的行動來脅迫和孤立台灣，包括支持北京認定為投機的台灣政客，同時反對並試圖抹殺牠沒有的台灣人，尤其是以蔡英文為首的台灣民選政府。在這項政策的指導下，北京以與未當選的政黨，團體和個人進行談判的方式，更努力繞開台灣中央政府。

▶ The deliberate crossing of the Taiwan Strait median line by Chinese fighter aircraft in March 2019 was the first such crossing in 20 years and marked a sharp escalation in the military pressure Beijing has increasingly applied against Taipei since General Secretary Xi assumed power in 2012.  China signaled that its intensifying campaign of military coercion had become official policy in a key policy document released in July 2019, while the continued growth of the PLA’s capabilities and budget threatened to overturn any remaining semblance of cross-Strait military balance.

▶2019年3月，中國戰機有意越過台灣海峽中線，這是20年來的首次此類越境，標誌著自習近平總書記於2012年上台以來，北京對台北施加的軍事壓力急劇上升。訊號表明，在2019年7月發布的一項重要政策文件中，其日益加劇的軍事脅迫已成為官方政策，而解放軍的能力和預算持續增長，有可能推翻兩岸軍事平衡的任何剩餘表象。

▶ As Beijing escalated diplomatic, economic, cultural, and political warfare against Taiwan, evidence emerged that it sought to influence Taiwan’s November 2018 local elections, including through traditional Taiwan media and disinformation spread through social media to exacerbate social divisions and undermine public confidence in the ruling Democratic Progressive Party government.  Allegations that Beijing intervened on behalf of Taiwan presidential challenger Han Kuo-yu of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, or KMT) in his 2018 Kaohsiung mayoral campaign raised questions over whether it may be doing so again in the lead-up to Taiwan’s presidential election in January 2020.

▶隨著北京對台灣的外交，經濟，文化和政治戰爭升級，有證據表明它曾試圖影響台灣2018年11月的地方選舉，包括以傳統的台灣媒體和以社交媒體傳播的假訊息，來加劇社會分裂並破壞公眾對執政的民進黨政府的信任。所謂對北京替國民黨台灣總統挑戰者韓國瑜（Han Kuo-yu），在干預2018年高雄市長競選的指控，讓人們擔憂其是否可能在台灣2020年1月總統大選前夕再度如法炮製。

▶ The CCP adopted new tactics to leverage Taiwan media in support of its political goals, with evidence building that Beijing has shaped coverage of cross-Strait relations and potentially Taiwan’s presidential election through direct partnerships with some major Taiwan media outlets.  These partnerships have included China’s Taiwan Affairs Office commissioning stories and giving instructions to editorial managers.

▶中共採取了新的策略來利用台灣媒體來支持其政治目標，並有證據表明，北京通過與一些主要台灣媒體的直接合作關係，已經影響了兩岸關係的報導，甚至可能影響台灣的總統選舉。這些夥伴關係包括中國台灣事務辦公室的任命，以及對編輯下指示。

▶ Concerns in Taiwan over Beijing’s desired “one country, two systems” unification model for Taiwan were amplified by 2019’s massive protest movement in Hong Kong, which is governed by the same model and has seen the autonomy the model promises steadily erode. Presidential contenders from both major political parties in Taiwan assailed the “one country, two systems” model as unacceptable for any future sovereign agreement between the two sides.

▶台灣對北京理想的「一國兩制」台灣統一模式的擔憂，在2019年香港大規模抗議運動中得到了放大。香港由同一模式所控制，並且該模式所承諾的自治性正在被逐步削弱。台灣兩大政黨的總統競爭者都抨擊「一國兩制」模式是雙方未來任何主權協議所不能接受的。

▶ Taiwan took a series of steps to enhance its military capabilities and implement its new Overall Defense Concept. These measures included the island’s largest increase in its defense budget in almost a decade, breaking ground on the facility that will build Taiwan’s indigenous submarines, allocating funding for the procurement of 60 new small fast-attack missile boats, and expediting production of new missile defense systems and mobile land-based antiship missile platforms.

▶台灣採取了一系列步驟，增強其軍事能力並實施新的全面防禦概念。這些措施包括：該島近十年來國防預算上最大的增長；在建造台灣本土潛艇的設施上破土動工；為採購60艘新型小型快攻導彈艇分配資金；加快新導彈防禦系統的生產系統和移動式陸基反艦導彈平台。

▶ U.S.-Taiwan cooperation expanded into new areas as the United States took significant steps to support Taiwan, including the Trump Administration’s approval of a landmark arms sale of new fighter aircraft to Taiwan, the first meeting between U.S. and Taiwan national security advisors since 1979, and a more assertive approach to U.S. Navy transits of the Taiwan Strait. However, talks under the Trade and Investment Framework Agreement have stalled since October 2016.

▶隨著美國採取重大步驟來支持台灣，美台合作擴展到新領域，包括川普政府批准向台灣出售具有里程碑意義的新型戰鬥機武器；自1979年以來美國與台灣國家安全顧問之間，舉行首次會晤；以及對美國海軍從台灣海峽過境採取的更加果斷的方法。然而，自2016年10月以來，《貿易和投資框架協議》下的談判陷入僵局。