1948.07.01〈法蘭克福文件〉（the Frankfurt Documents）●雲程譯 20110616

【Comment】

The Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, or the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, was drafted under the authorization of the Four Powers, in short the London Conferences and the Frankfurt Documents. 

A territory, not having acquired the statehood, cannot do whatever it likes to alter the status or to draft constitution.

This is critical in considering the Taiwan constitutional reform.

1948.07.01〈法蘭克福文件〉（the Frankfurt Documents）●雲程譯  20110616

the Frankfurt Documents

The London Documents: Directives regarding the future political organization of Germany, drafted at the London Conference of the Western Foreign Ministers in June 1948 and handed to the Ministers President in the Western Zones of Germany by the military governors at their joint meeting on July 1, 1948.

倫敦文件：西方外長與1948年6月召開倫敦會議，制定有關德國未來政治組織之指令，並由西佔區各軍事總督在1948年7月1日之聯合會議中轉頒德國各邦首相。

DOCUMENT I: Constituent Assembly

文件一：制憲會議雲程譯

The Military Governors of the US, UK and French Zones of Occupation in Germany, in accordance with the decisions of their respective Governments, authorize the Ministers President of the states of their respective zones to convene a constituent assembly to be held not later than September 1, 1948.

美國、聯合王國與法國之德國佔領區軍事總督，在其個別政府的決定下，授權各自區域內各州首相（the Ministers President）於1948年9月1日之前召開制憲會議。雲程譯

The delegates to this assembly will be chosen in each of the existing states under such procedure and regulations as shall be adopted by the legislative body of each of these states.  The total number of delegates to the constituent assembly will be determined by dividing the total populations at the last census by 750,000 or some similar figure as may be recommended by the Ministers President and approved by the Military Governors.  The number of delegates from each state will be in the same proportion to the total membership of the constituent assembly that its population is to the total population of the participating states.

制憲會議代表由既有各邦，依其立法部門所定的程序與規則所選任。制憲會議代表之總數，依據總人口除以75萬左右而定，其具體數字由各邦首相建議並由軍事總督批准。各邦制憲代表人數佔制憲會議代表總數之比例，應與各邦人口佔總人口比例相當。

The constituent assembly will draft a democratic constitution which will establish for the participating states a governmental structure of federal type which is best adapted to the eventual re-establishment of German unity at present disrupted, and which will protect the rights of the participating states, provide adequate authority, and contain guarantees of individual rights and freedoms.

制憲會議將草擬民主憲法，以為成員邦建立一聯邦型態之政府架構，藉此終能在目前的分崩離析之上重建德國統一，俾能保護成員邦之權利、提供適當的權力、包括保證個人的權力與自由。

If the constitution as prepared by the constituent assembly does not conflict with these general principles, the Military Governors will authorize the submission for ratification.  The constituent assembly will thereupon be dissolved.  The ratification will take place by each participating state by means of a referendum requiring a simple majority of the voters in each state under such rules and procedure as it may adopt.  When the constitution has been ratified by two-thirds of the states, it will come into force and be binding upon all states.  Thereafter, any amendment to the constitution must be ratified by a like majority of the states.  Within thirty days following the coming into force of the constitution, the institutions for which it provides shall be established.

若制憲會議擬定之憲法未牴觸基本原則，軍事總督將授權進入批准程序。制憲會議解散。批准由參與制憲各邦透過公民投票以各邦選民依據各邦之規則與程序，透過總數之簡單多數決通過。當三分之二邦批准後，憲法生效。此後，任何憲法的修訂應以相同程序批准。憲法規定之各種組織，應在憲法生效後30天內建立完成。雲程譯

http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=2850

DOCUMENT II: Land Boundaries

文件二：各邦邊界

The Ministers President are asked to examine the boundaries of the several states in order to determine what modifications they may want to propose.  Such modifications should take account of traditional patterns, and avoid, to the extent feasible, the creation of states which are either too large or too small in comparison with the other states.

要求各州首相（the Ministers President）檢查邦與邦的邊界，以決定其將提出何種邊界修正案。此邊界修正應考慮：傳統邊境，以及盡可能避免產生相對上過大或過小的邦。

If these recommendations are not disapproved by the Military Governors, they should be submitted for the approval of the people of the affected areas not later than the time when the members of the constituent assembly are chosen.

假使修正案被軍事總督所否決，修正案應在選舉制憲會議代表之前提交相關影響區域之人民。

Prior to the completion of the work of the constituent assembly, the Ministers President will take the necessary steps for the election of the assemblies of those states, the boundaries of which have been modified, so that these assemblies and those of the states, the boundaries of which have not been modified, will be in a position to determine the electoral procedure and regulations for the ratification of the constitution.

在制憲會議完成前，各州首相應採取必要步驟以於邊界調整之各邦進行選舉，邊界未調整之各邦應等待憲法批准程序。雲程譯

DOCUMENT III: Occupation Statute

文件三：佔領條款

The establishment of a constitutional German government will necessitate careful definition of the relationship between this government and the Allied Authorities.

建立德國憲政政府將需謹慎處理政府與盟國當局的定義。

It is the view of the Military Governors that this relationship should be based on the following general principles:

軍事總督認為，此種關係應基於以下一般原則：

A. The Military Governors will grant legislative, executive and judicial power to German governments and reserve to themselves such powers as are necessary to ensure the fulfilment of the basic purpose of the occupation. Such powers are those necessary to enable the Military Governors to:

A.  各佔領區軍事總督將賦予德國政府立法、行政與司法權力，但仍保留其權力以保證實踐佔領的基本目的。此等權力必須足以使軍事總督足以完成以下項目：

(a)  Conduct or direct for the time being Germany's foreign relations;

(a)  引導或指令德國現有的外交關係雲程譯

(b) Exercise the minimum control over German foreign trade, and over internal policies and measures which could adversely affect foreign trade, necessary to ensure a respect for obligations entered into by the Occupying Powers in regard to Germany and the proper use of funds made available to Germany;

(b)  對德國的外貿以及足以影響國際貿易的國際政策與方式，行使最低程度的控制，以保證其對在德國之佔領國之尊重，以及適當的運用給德國的基金雲程譯

(c) Exercise such controls as have been or may be agreed upon, as for example, regarding the international authority for the Ruhr, reparations, the level of industry, decartelization, disarmament and demilitarization, and certain aspects of scientific research.

(c)  行使已經同意或未來將同意之控制，例如有關魯爾區國際當局、賠償、工業程度、解散財團、解除武裝與解除軍備，以及部分有關科學研究事項。

(d) Protect the prestige and ensure the security of the occupation forces and the satisfaction of their requirements within defined limits agreed upon between the Military Governors;

(d)  保護佔領軍的尊嚴、保證其安全，以及滿足其在軍事總督所同意下確定界線內之需求雲程譯

(e)  Ensure the observance of the constitutions which they have approved.

(e)  保證其遵守所通過的憲法雲程譯

http://germanhistorydocs.ghi-dc.org/docpage.cfm?docpage_id=3172