〈杜魯門聲明〉The Statement of Truman -- 1950.06.27

【Comment】

舊文，補充個文件記錄

【Remark】

The question is that the President Truman's "ordered the Seventh Fleet to prevent any attack on Formosa," an power of the US president or SCAP under UN?

台灣派對於〈杜魯門聲明〉，多注意在「福爾摩沙未來地位之決定，必須等待太平洋安全之恢復，以及與日本和平解決，或者由聯合國加以考慮。」

這雖沒錯，但恐怕是見樹不見林。

整個〈杜魯門聲明〉有2重點：

1.  美國動員軍隊（顧問團、資源）支援韓國、台海、法屬印度支那、菲律賓的情勢（或在這些地方動起來）。顯見，韓戰不是韓戰而已。它是整體東亞的一部分。這樣的解釋符合當時美國參謀首長聯席會議對的結論。

2.  美國這一動員，是根據安理會的決議，不是片面行動。美國的行動，經由駐聯合國大使向安理會報告。

在此背景下，才說著「福爾摩沙未來地位之決定，必須等待太平洋安全之恢復，以及與日本和平解決，或者由聯合國加以考慮。」。

問題是：第七艦隊的協防，是美國行動，還是聯合國（UN或SCAP）的行動？

註：中譯文是本人拼湊網路資料與簡體書資料，加上本人修飾的結果。

The Statement of Truman -- 1950.06.27

In Korea the Government forces, which were armed to prevent border raids and to preserve internal security, were attacked by invading forces from North Korea.  The Security Council of the United Nations called upon the invading troops to cease hostilities and to withdraw to the Thirty-eighth Parallel.  This they have not done, but on the contrary have pressed the attack.  The Security Council called upon all members of the United Nations to render every assistance to the United Nations in the execution of this resolution.

In these circumstances I have ordered United States air and sea forces to give the Korean Government troops cover and support.

The attack upon Korea makes it plain beyond all doubt that communism has passed beyond the use of subversion to conquer independent nations and will now use armed invasion and war.

It has defied the orders of the Security Council of the United Nations issued to preserve international peace and security.  In these circumstances the occupation of Formosa by Communist forces would be a direct threat to the security of the Pacific area and to United States forces performing their lawful and necessary functions in that area.

Accordingly I have ordered the Seventh Fleet to prevent any attack on Formosa.  As a corollary of this action I am calling upon the Chinese Government on Formosa to cease all air and sea operations against the mainland.  The Seventh Fleet will see that this is done.  The determination of the future status of Formosa must await the restoration of security in the Pacific, a peace settlement with Japan, or consideration by the United Nations.

I have also directed that United States forces in the Philippines be strengthened and that military assistance to the Philippine Government be accelerated.

I have similarly directed acceleration in the furnishing of military assistance to the forces of France and the associated states in Indo-China and the dispatch of a military mission to provide close working relations with those forces.

I know that all members of the United Nations will consider carefully the consequences of this latest aggression in Korea in defiance of the Charter of the United Nations.  A return to the rule of force in international affairs would have far-reaching effects.  The United States will continue to uphold the rule of law.

I have instructed Ambassador Austin, as the representative of the United States to the Security Council, to report these steps to the Council.

http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/doc8.htm

〈杜魯門聲明〉1950.06.27

在韓國，為了防止邊境襲擊及維持國內治安而武裝的政府部隊，遭到北朝鮮軍隊的侵略。聯合國安全理事會要求侵略軍隊停止敵對行動，並撤退至38度線，他們並未照做，卻相反的加緊進攻。安理會要求所有會員國給予聯合國一切協助以執行此一決議。

在這種情況下，本人已命令美國的海空軍部隊給予韓國政府部隊支援與援助。

攻擊韓國，擺明一項事實，即共產主義已超過顛覆的使用而去征服獨立國家，現在正發動武裝侵略和戰爭。此已藐視聯合國安理會發出的維護國際和平和安全的命令。在此情況下，福爾摩沙被共產勢力佔領，將直接危及太平洋地區的安全和美國武力在該地區執行其合法和必要的功能。

因此，本人已下令第七艦隊防止任何對福爾摩沙的攻擊。根據此一行動，本人正要求在福爾摩沙的中國政府停止所有空中和海中對大陸的攻擊行動。第七艦隊將保證此項要求之執行。福爾摩沙未來地位之決定，必須等待太平洋安全之恢復、與日本和平解決，或者由聯合國加以考慮。

本人已指示加強美國在菲律賓的部隊，加速對菲律賓政府的軍事援助。

本人也同樣指示加速軍事援助在印度支那的法國與加盟國部隊，並派遣軍事使節團以與這些部隊建立密切作業關係。

本人知道聯合國所有會員國將仔細考慮最近在朝鮮違反聯合國憲章的侵略行為之後果。在國際事務中回復叢林法則將有廣泛後果。美國將繼續支持依法而治。

本人已訓令美國駐聯合國代表奧斯丁大使向安理會報告這些步驟。