政治重建脈絡下展望台美關係 Taiwan-US Relations under the perspective of the post-war Political Reconstruction（全）

政治重建脈絡下展望台美關係Taiwan-US Relations under the perspective of the post-war Political Reconstruction（全）

誰說是在八月？蔡總統早在六月間就已進入美國聯邦機構—AIT內湖新館—不僅有國務院徽章為憑，當時還有聯邦官員接待。九月新館正式啟用後，台美關係絕對會展開歷史新頁。

The President Tsai Ing-wen entered NASA on August 20, 2018 was not her first time entering a Federal Institutions.  Instead, she has entered the AIT new compound, a federal institution, at Neihu, Taipei, on June 12, attending its soft opening, where the emblem of the Department of State decorated high above the main entrance and President Tsai has receipted by Marie Royce, the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs, as well as William Moser, the Overseas Buildings Office Principal Deputy Director Ambassador.  This is definitely historical.

 

但新頁的意義，要擺在太平洋戰後七十年的重建架構下，才能一窺端倪。

However, the significance of the above historical event should be understood at the framework of seven decades more reconstruction of the end of the Pacific War of 1945.

國際法上，戰爭結束後，戰勝方會進入戰敗方的領土建立佔領當局—負責維持佔領地秩序與生計，規劃賠償並等待和約的政治決定。佔領統治的主要任務就是「經濟復興」與「政治重建」。在全球範圍內，經濟復興以各種「援助計畫」展現；政治重建就是建立友善的當地合法政府。

It is the rules and the customs of the laws of war that the victor troops enters the territories of the defeated side and establishes occupation authority to maintain the order and the economy, plan reparations and wait the final decision of the treaty of peace.  One of the main objects of the occupation authority is the economic rehabilitation and political reconstruction.  The economic rehabilitation can be identified by aid-programs, while the purpose of the political reconstruction is to establish local legitimate government friendly to the occupation powers.

1946年1月29日盟軍總部發出〈第677號指令〉(SCAPIN 677)，分割日本帝國為日本內地、沖繩、台灣、朝鮮與國際聯盟的委任統治地(Mandate Territories)等區域。七十多年後，各有不同歸屬—日本以實施全新憲法，在1947年轉化為民主國家；朝鮮則分南北，在1948年先後各自建國，並在同日加入聯合國；沖繩在美國佔領與託管施政權後，於1972年返還日本；國聯委任統治地，則先轉為聯合國下太平洋託管地(TTPI: Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands)，美國於1980年代起先後以簽署「自由聯合盟約」(Compact of Free Association)的模式，允許密克羅尼西亞、馬紹爾、帛琉獨立建國，唯獨北馬里亞那群島決定不獨立，仍為美國的自治領(Commonwealth)；只有台灣，在中國阻撓下至今妾身未明。

The Supreme Command of the Allied Power, SCAP, issued SCAPIN-677 on January 29, 1946, to limited the Japan Empire into the four main islands and other territories the UN decides.  The Japan Empire was then separated into the homeland of Japan, Okinawa, Taiwan Korea and the former German Mandated territories under the League of Nations among others.  They have different status after seven decades more.  Japan has turned into a true democratic country through the new constitution of 1947.  Korea was split into two equal parts, established new states separately as ROK and PDRK and joint the US as full members at the same day.  Okinawa was turn back to Japan on May 15, 1972 after 27 years of the US military government and trust.  The former German Mandate territories was turned into the Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands, TTPI, under the US as the administering authority then the US allowed them to be independent with the Compact of the Freely Association around 1982.  The Federated State of Micronesia, the Republic of Marshall Islands, the Republic of Palau chose to be independent while the Northern Mariana Islands chose to stay inside the US circle as a commonwealth.  Only the status of Taiwan is pending for the strong boycott of China.

台灣依靠美援、中美基金，美援會(CUSA: Council for United States)、農復會(JCRR: Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction)、經濟合作署(ECA: Economic Cooperation Administration)，一直到經建會，加上懷特公司(J. G. White Engineering Corporation)、富瑞公司(George Fry & Associated)等機構襄助，經濟復興成就非凡；在安全方面，則依賴美軍台灣防衛司令部(USTDC: United States Taiwan Defense Command)、美軍顧問團(MAAG: Military Assistance Advisory Group)，情報合作與不中斷的軍售而屹立不搖。

By the help of the US aids, Sino-America fund, the Council for United States(CUSA), the Sino-American Joint Commission on Rural Reconstruction(JCRR), the Economic Cooperation Administration(ECA), the Council for Economic Planning And Development, and the managment of the J. G. White Engineering Corporation, the George Fry & Associated etc., Taiwan acquired tremendous economic achievements.  By the help of the United States Taiwan Defense Command (USTDC), the Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) as well as the intellectual cooperation, Taiwan survived from Chinese invasions and threats for times.

但台灣政治重建，則困難重重。美國在1970年代與中國斡旋建交當時，企圖解決台灣問題也順便將中國拉進國際秩序中—這是季辛吉的大算盤。遺憾的是，中國破壞國際秩序益發失控，無從善誘。傳季辛吉不久前委婉承認當年看走眼—這絕對是半世紀以來戰略典範的轉變。

Nevertheless, Taiwan’s political reconstruction is very complicated due to the boycott from China.  The US, the Principal Occupying Power of the Treaty of the Peace with Japan, tried to solve Taiwan Question in the talks of the diplomatic tie with China in early 1970s.  Dr. Henry Kissinger attempted to pull out China from the communist circle and guided China to follow the international world order through its reformation policy.  After half the century, Dr. Kissinger admitted recently that his plan was failed, which signified a strategic paradigm changing of the US.

從長官公署→中華民國→中華民國在台灣→中華民國台灣→台灣，無論名稱如何變化，在戰後政治重建脈絡中，無非是〈台灣關係法〉中的「台灣治理當局」而已。

Under the framework of political reconstruction, no matter what the names of the authorities after the end of the Pacific War are -- the Chief Executive Office, RoC, RoC on Taiwan, RoC Taiwan, or as simple as Taiwan, they are the identical entity of "the Taiwan Governing Authority" under "the Taiwan Relations Act".  They are all established on Taiwan and for the benefits of Taiwan.

台美會以「自由聯合」模式建交？或美國支持台灣訂出全新的「治理基本法」因應時局？若回到戰後政治重建的角度看，或許都有可能吧？

Will Taiwan and the US establish diplomatic tie under the Freely Association pattern as the TTPI did, or will the US support the People on Taiwan to create the all new fundamental law for their benefits?  Maybe both are the options.

【姊妹文章】

自由聯合協定的台美新關係？

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