空軍希望在土桑機場後備基地增加F-16訓練架次 Military.com 20180709 雲程翻譯

Air Force Wants to Boost F-16 Flights at Tucson Airport Guard Base….. Military.com 20180709

空軍希望在土桑機場後備基地增加F-16訓練架次    雲程翻譯

The Air National Guard has proposed an increase in F-16 flight operations at the Guard's 162nd Wing at Tucson International Airport starting in late 2019, as a training unit of the Taiwan Air Force moves to Tucson from Luke Air Force Base near Phoenix.

由於台灣空軍的一個訓練部隊從鳳凰城附近的路克空軍基地轉移到土桑，空中國民警衛隊提議在2019年末開始，在土桑國際機場的國民警衛隊第162飛行大隊基地進行F-16飛行任務。

The Air Force's Air Education and Training Command has filed a draft environmental assessment that would allow the basing of 14 Taiwanese F-16s and related personnel at the 162nd Wing by December 2019.

空軍的空中教育和訓練司令部已經提交了一份環境評估草案，允許在2019年12月之前在第162飛行大隊建立14架台灣F-16和相關人員。

That addition will come after a training contingent of the Iraqi Air Force is scheduled to exit the Tucson base in June, partially offsetting the effect of the additional Taiwanese jets, according to the draft environmental study.

根據環境研究報告草案，在伊拉克空軍的訓練隊伍計劃於6月離開土桑基地，部分抵消台灣其他噴射戰機的影響。

After the Taiwan unit arrives, the annual number of training operations -- counted as individual takeoffs, landings and practice runs -- is expected to increase by about 16 percent.

台灣部隊到達後，每年的訓練次數 - 計入個人起飛，著陸和練習 - 預計將增加約16％。

The environmental assessment, developed in cooperation with the Federal Aviation Administration, also covers the construction of a new gate and security complex on South Park Avenue just south of East Valencia Road.

與聯邦航空管理局合作開發的環境評，還包括在東瓦倫西亞路以南的南公園大道上，建造一個新的大門和安全營舍。

The draft assessment, part of a process required under the National Environmental Policy Act, includes a finding that the training changes and construction projects will have "no significant impact" on the local environment and community.  It also found that a more extensive environmental impact statement is not required.

評估草案是〈國家環境政策法〉要求的過程的一部分，其中包括一項調查結果，即培訓變更和建設項目將對當地環境和社區產生“無重大影響”。它不需要更廣泛的環境影響聲明。

The draft was issued by the Air Force on July 1, according to an Air National Guard public information officer, but it had not been published in the Federal Register as of July 7.

根據國民警衛隊的一名新聞官員，該草案於7月1日由空軍發布，但截至7月7日尚未在聯邦紀事上公佈。

The public typically has 30 days from publication of such environmental assessments to file comments on the plan, which will be formalized in a final environmental assessment.

公眾通常會在此類環境評估發布後30天內，提交有關計劃的評論，該評估將在最終的環境評估中正式確定。

According to the draft environmental assessment, the Air Force needs to move 14 F-16s and 191 associated personnel of the Taiwan Air Force -- and eventually all the F-16s currently based at Luke -- to accommodate the basing of 144 F-35A Lightning II stealth fighters at Luke, the biggest Air Force F-35 training site.

根據環境評估草案，空軍需要移動台灣空軍的14架F-16和191名相關人員 - 最終需要移動所有目前在路克的F-16，以便在最大的空軍F-35訓練場地路克基地，容納144架F-35A的隱形戰鬥機。

Those moves are part of a longer-term plan to shift F-16s to other bases to make way for the F-35, which will eventually replace the F-16 and most other fighters, including a plan to base an Air Force Reserve F-16 unit at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base.

這些舉措是將F-16轉移到其他基地，以便為F-35的長期計劃鋪路的一部分，這將最終取代F-16和其他大多數戰鬥機，包括計劃在Davis-Monthan空軍基地建立空軍預備役F -16單位。

But F-16s are still being produced for foreign allies, and the U.S. is expecting to support foreign pilot and maintenance training for decades at sites including the 162nd Wing -- the Air Guard's largest fighter wing and the main site for training foreign F-16 training.

但F-16仍然是為外國盟友生產的，美國期待在包括第162飛行大隊 - 空中警衛隊最大的戰鬥機和培訓外國F-16的主要場地，已經支持和維護培訓外國飛行員數十年。

The departure of the Iraqi training and its eight F-16s and the addition of the Taiwanese planes will result in a net increase of six F-16s at the 162nd, the study shows.

研究顯示，伊拉克訓練及其8架F-16飛機的撤離，以及台灣飛機的增加將導致第162飛行大隊F-16淨增加6架。

The proposed increase in flight operations to a projected 31,723 annually would still be fewer than the maximum 40,000 annual operations the 162nd Wing agreed to under a 2014 agreement with the Tucson Airport Authority, the study notes.

該研究報告指出，根據2014年與土桑機場管理局達成的協議，擬議的航班運營量增加到，預計的每年31,723次，仍將少於第162飛行大隊根據2014年與土桑機場管理局達成的協議達成的最多40,000次運營。

The Air Force says proposed construction of a new "entry control facility" is necessary because the existing gate on Valencia does not meet current security standards, and the lack of inspection areas causes significant traffic backups, particularly as reservists arrive for weekend duty.

空軍表示，建議建造一個必要的新“入口控制設施”，因為瓦倫西亞現有的登機口不符合現行的安全標準，缺乏檢查區域會導致大量的交通備份，特別是當預備役人員到達週末值班時。

Tucson airport spokesman David Hatfield generally supports the planned new gate, though officials were still evaluating the environmental assessment.

儘管官員仍在評估環境評估，土桑機場發言人David Hatfield支持計劃中的新大門。

Construction of the gate will require the demolition of three buildings, including a hangar owned by a private aircraft modification and maintenance company.  The Air Force proposes to replace that hangar at another site on the airport, the environmental study said.

大門的建造將需要拆除三座建築物，包括私人飛機改裝和維修公司擁有的機庫。環境評估顯示，空軍提議在機場的另一個地點新建機庫。

The environmental study also covers the renovation of two buildings and reconfiguration of aircraft sunshades to accommodate the Taiwanese training unit, at an estimated cost of $3 million.

環境研究還包括翻新兩座建築物，和重新配置飛機遮陽篷以容納台灣培訓單位，估計費用為300萬美元。

HISTORY OF FOREIGN TRAINING外國培訓的歷史

The Air Force Education and Training Command had initially recommended the 162nd Wing in Tucson, Holloman Air Force Base in New Mexico, Albuquerque Air National Guard Base and D-M as potential new sites for the Taiwanese training unit.

空軍教育和訓練司令部最初建議：將土桑的第162飛行大隊、新墨西哥州的Holloman空軍基地、Albuquerque基空軍國民警衛隊基地，和Davis-Monthan作為台灣訓練部隊的潛在新址。

The candidates were later narrowed down to the 162nd Wing or Davis-Monthan because of their proximity to Arizona training ranges already used by the Taiwanese.

方案後來縮小到第162飛行大隊或Davis-Monthan，因為他們靠近台灣已經使用過的亞利桑那訓練場。

But the 162nd was ultimately chosen because the cost of establishing the training at D-M was much higher and construction of new facilities couldn't be completed by the desired December 2019 transfer date.

但最終選擇了162飛行大隊，因為在Davis-Monthan建立培訓的成本要高得多，並且在2019年12月的轉移日期之前，無法完成新設施的建設。

Ron Shoopman, a retired Air Force brigadier general who formerly commanded the 162nd, said it's not uncommon for different foreign training units to come and go from the base at TIA as they complete and start various training programs.

曾指揮過162飛行大隊的退役空軍準將Ron Shoopman說，TIA基地不同的外國訓練單位來來去去，開始與完成各種訓練計劃的情況並不少見。

The Tucson-based Guard has hosted training for 24 nations, including initial training of Taiwanese F-16 pilots in the mid-1990s, said Shoopman, CEO of the Southern Arizona Leadership Council and board member of the Southern Arizona Defense Alliance.

南亞利桑那州領導委員會CEO兼南亞利桑那州防衛聯盟董事會成員Shoopman表示，總部位於土桑的國民警衛隊已經培訓了24個國家，其中包括在20世紀90年代中期對台灣F-16飛行員進行初步培訓。

"The 162nd has been known as the premier and foremost expert in training foreign pilots, and the pilots love coming here because of the people here," Shoopman said.

Shoopman說：「第162飛行大隊被稱為培訓外國飛行員的首要和最重要的專家，飛行員喜歡來這裡，因為喜歡這裡的人們。」

But the proposed increase in training flights could run into opposition from local residents who say military jets are too noisy for Tucson.

但擬議增加的訓練飛行，可能會遭到當地居民反對，他們說軍用噴射機對土桑來說太吵了。

A group of residents sued the Air Force in 2014, after the service found no significant impact from a proposal to significantly increase Operation Snowbird and other visitor pilot training.  The plaintiffs alleged the Air Force didn't properly study noise and other environmental and social impacts of the proposed expansion.

2014年，一群居民對空軍提起訴訟，因為軍方說「雪鳥行動」和其他飛行員訓練計劃未發現顯著影響。原告聲稱：空軍沒有深入研究擴建對噪音和其他環境和社會的影響。

That lawsuit was made moot last fall, when the National Guard Bureau decided to drop funding for the Operation Snowbird tenant unit at D-M, and the parties agreed to dismiss the suit.

去年秋天，當國民警衛隊決定撤銷資助Davis-Monthan「雪鳥行動」單位的資金時，讓該訴訟沒有實際意義，雙方同意撤回訴訟。

One of the plaintiffs in the Operation Snowbird lawsuit, Tucson resident Gary Hunter, said though he was not familiar with the Guard's plan to shift the Taiwanese training to Tucson, F-16 flights should be limited because they are too loud to fly over the city.

「雪鳥行動」訴訟中的原告之一，土桑居民Gary Hunter說，儘管他不熟悉衛隊將台灣訓練轉移到土桑的計劃，但F-16飛行應該受到限制，因為它們太大聲所以不能飛越城市。

"Pilot training is important to the defense of America, but training F-16 pilots over Tucson's residential neighborhoods is not appropriate," Hunter said, citing noise and health concerns.

Hunter引用噪音和健康問題說：「訓練飛行員對於保衛美國很重要，但在土桑的住宅區培訓F-16飛行員並不合適，」。

Though the 162nd Wing and D-M both so far have been passed over as bases for the F-35, the Air Force is currently working on an environmental impact statement on basing the first Air Force Reserve squadron of F-35s at D-M.

儘管到目前為止，第162飛行大隊和Davis-Monthan都已被移交為F-35的基地，但空軍目前正在制訂一項環境影響聲明，將F-35的第一個空軍預備役中隊建在Davis-Monthan上。

But D-M is only being studied as an alternative site, since the Air Force in January chose Naval Air Station Joint Reserve Base Fort Worth as the preferred location.

由於1月份空軍選擇海軍航空站聯合儲備基地Worth堡作為首選地點，因此Davis-Monthan僅以備用場地進行研究。

This article is written by David Wichner from The Arizona Daily Star, Tucson and was legally licensed via the Tribune Content Agency through the News Cred publisher network. Please direct all licensing questions to legal@newscred.com.