居於「台灣基本法」上位監督地位的〈台灣關係法〉【摘要】

居於「台灣基本法」上位監督地位的〈台灣關係法〉

【摘要】

美國的〈台灣關係法〉僅此一家別無分號。它並不是僅用來彰顯美國外交政策的法律文件，它實際上監督與指導台灣與澎湖的治理與區域安全。美國與台灣，甚至於美國對西太平洋區域的安全有特殊的義務。

這個特殊關係與義務，是來自太平洋戰爭之「主要戰勝國」及〈對日和約〉中「主要佔領國」的地位之授權。

台灣，從終戰的軍事佔領，並逐漸展開民政治理，到1979年起，台灣邁向自治的階段，直到1996年完成。

台灣的民政治理需要一部基本法，被中國人民所廢棄的所謂的「中華民國憲法」即為「台灣基本法」。而台灣基本法的指導與監督法規範，即為美國的〈台灣關係法〉。

本文即為以佔領與流亡的角度，檢視〈台灣關係法〉與「台灣基本法」的授權關係。

On Taiwan Relations Act

—the superior legal document that supervises the organic act of Taiwan

Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) is sui generis, or one of its kind, which does not only signify the U.S. foreign policy toward this region, but in effect authorizes the U.S. government to supervise the civil affairs administration of Taiwan Governing Authorities (TGA, or so-called “ROC on Taiwan”).  As the leading victor of the Pacific War and the “Principal Occupying Power” in the “Treaty of Peace with Japan” of 1951, the U.S. bears unique security obligations over Taiwan and the West Pacific Region.

In 1945, the U.S. authorized Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek to occupy and govern Taiwan, through the General Order of SCAP, the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers.  Under the military occupation at the end of WWII, Taiwan began to evolve her autonomy of civil affairs administration on its bumpy but non-stop course.

Ever since the authorization of TRA in 1979, Taiwan has stayed self-governing.  When the Presidential Election was completed in 1996, Taiwan finalized the evolution of factual autonomy.

The U.S. duly drafted TRA to guide and guard the autonomy of Taiwan while the ROC Constitution, which was revoked by China in 1954, came to serve as an organic act, or the basic law of Taiwan.  This article attempts to interpret how and why TRA functions as the supervising law over the organic act of Taiwan and Taiwan’s autonomy.