陸基多域反介入/區域拒止力量在阻止或擊敗侵略中可以發揮什麼作用？
What Role
Can Land-Based, Multi-Domain Anti-Access/Area Denial Forces Play in Deterring
or Defeating Aggression? RAND 2017
RESEARCH
QUESTION 研究的疑問
• How can land-based, multi-domain anti-access/area denial forces be
employed to deter or defeat aggression in the western Pacific, European
littoral areas, and the Persian Gulf?
如何利用陸基多領域A2/AD部隊來威懾或擊敗西太平洋、歐洲沿地區和波斯灣的侵略？
KEY
FINDINGS 主要發現
The United States and Its Allies Can Adopt Several Strategies to Counter
an Adversary’s Aggression When Shielded by A2/AD Capabilities
美國及其盟國可以採取多種策略來對抗對手，在受到A2/AD掩護時的侵略。
•
A proven approach is to establish
regional bases from which to operate land, air, and maritime forces projected
from the United States, but it would be very difficult to successfully employ a
similar strategy against peer or near-peer military forces.
•
一種行之有效的方法是：建立區域基地，使其得以從美國投射陸、空、海與海陸武力，但是要成功地對敵對，或相近軍事力量採取類似的策略將非常困難。
•
Imposing A2/AD challenges on enemies
would allow allied forces to contest maritime areas without exposing U.S.
forces to easy attack.
•
向敵人施加A2/AD挑戰，將使盟軍可以在海上地區挑戰，而不會使美軍易受攻擊。
•
A2/AD capabilities might be a
particularly effective way to raise the costs for aggression. U.S. allies and
partners could field a mix of anti-ship, anti-aircraft, and surface-to-surface
missiles to impose the same problems on adversaries threatening them with
attack over water. The U.S. joint force
could provide support—and potentially reinforcements—to its allies.
•
A2/AD能力可能是提高侵略成本的特別有效的方法。美國盟國和合作夥伴可以部署反艦，防空和地對地導彈混合武力，向威脅他們用水攻擊的對手施加同樣的問題。美國跨軍種部隊可以為其盟國提供支持，並可能提供增援。
•
A2/AD concepts shift the primary
responsibility for defense to U.S. allies and partners.
Ground-Based A2/AD Missions Include Anti-Ship Missions,
Surface-to-Surface Missions, and Short Range Air and Cruise Missile Defense
Missions
•
A2/AD概念將防禦的主要責任轉移到美國盟國和合作夥伴。
地面A2/AD任務包括反艦任務，地對地任務以及短程空中和巡弋飛彈防禦任務
•
Threats in the Pacific theater
clearly demand that the United States and its allies and partners possess
anti-ship capabilities.
•
太平洋戰區的威脅明顯要求美國及其盟國和夥伴具有反艦能力。
•
Surface-to-surface strike is a
critical capability to conduct counter-battery fires against enemy anti-ship
missile batteries, long-range anti-aircraft missile systems, and adversary air
and sea bases.
•
地對地打擊是對敵方反艦導彈武器，長程防空導彈系統，以及對敵方空基、海基發動反武器火力的關鍵能力。
•
The demands for air and cruise
missile defense are great in the western Pacific, owing both to the threat
posed by the large Chinese investment in cruise missiles and to emerging joint
operational concepts that geographically disperse air bases. The same is likely
true to an even greater extent in Eastern Europe in potential operations
against Russia.
•
由於中國對巡弋飛彈的巨額投資所帶來的威脅，以及新興的聯合作戰概念分散了空軍基地，西太平洋對空中和巡弋飛彈的防禦需求很大。在東歐，針對俄羅斯的潛在行動在更大程度上也是如此
RECOMMENDATIONS 建議
•
The Army should organize and field a
prototype multi-domain fires battalion to develop, test, and exercise joint and
combined defensive concepts.
•
陸軍應組織並部署一個原型多領域火力營，以發展、測試和演練跨軍種和跨國防禦概念。
•
Long-range intelligence,
surveillance, and reconnaissance and targeting capabilities should be provided by
existing U.S. Navy, U.S. Air Force, and allied systems.
•
應由現有美國海軍、美國空軍和盟軍系統，提供長程情報、監視，以及偵察和射控能力。
•
For the anti-ship role, an initial
capability should be established by building a combined battalion incorporating
existing anti-ship missile batteries operated by selected allies, such as
Poland and Japan.
Additional allies should seek to join as they develop the requisite
capabilities.
•
為發揮反艦作用，應建立一個跨國營部，以建立初步的能力，該營合併了由選定盟友（例如波蘭和日本）運營的現有反艦導彈武器。
其他盟友應在其發展必要能力時尋求加入。
•
If current development programs
succeed in building versions of the Army Tactical Missile System or the Guided
Multiple Launch Rocket System with a terminal guidance package for anti-ship
operations, the multi-domain battalion should incorporate a U.S. Army anti-ship
battery capable of operating them.
•
如果當前的開發計劃，成功的建構帶有反導目標導向功能的陸軍戰術導彈系統，或導引多管火箭系統，則多領域作戰營應配備並操作美國陸軍反艦武器。
•
An existing High-Mobility Artillery
Rocket System battery should be assigned to provide surface-to-surface fires.
•
應部署一個現有的高機動火砲火箭系統武器，以提供地對地火力。
•
A short-range air and cruise missile
defense battery could be assigned from the forces being formed to operate the
Indirect Fire Protection Capability–Increment 2.
•
從正在組成的部隊中，部署一個短程的空中和巡弋飛彈武器，以運行間接火力防護能力-增量2。
•
To provide a capability that can
operate in small numbers, the U.S. Army should develop and deploy minimum engagement
packages for exercises and demonstrations with allies and partners.
•
為了提供可以少量運作的能力，美國陸軍應制制訂並部署最小的交戰計劃，以便與盟友和夥伴進行演習和示範。
•
After an initial set of joint
operating concepts has been developed, the Army should work with key allies and
partners to build combined concepts and tactics, techniques, and procedures.
•
在初步制訂一套聯合作戰概念後，陸軍應與主要盟國和夥伴合作，以建立跨國概念、戰術、技術和程序。
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