國務院「不可剝奪權利委員會」：Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo Remarks to the Press SECRETARY POMPEO 20190708 Taimocracy翻譯

Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo Remarks to the Press   SECRETARY POMPEO  20190708    Taimocracy翻譯

SECRETARY POMPEO:  Good morning, everyone. In my address at the Claremont IGood morning, everyone. In my address at the Claremont Institute back in May, called “A Foreign Policy From the Founding,” I made clear that the Trump administration has embarked on a foreign policy that takes seriously the founders’ ideas of individual liberty and constitutional government.  Those principles have long played a prominent role in our country’s foreign policy, and rightly so.  But as that great admirer of the American experiment Alex de Tocqueville noted, democracies have a tendency to lose sight of the big picture in the hurly-burly of everyday affairs.  Every once in a while, we need to step back and reflect seriously on where we are, where we’ve been, and whether we’re headed in the right direction, and that’s why I’m pleased to announce today the formation of a Commission on Unalienable Rights.

大家，早安。我在5月份的Claremont研究所發表的一篇名為〈建國外交政策〉演說中明確表示，川普政府已經開始研擬一套外交政策，嚴肅看待建國先賢關於個人自由和憲政的觀點。這些原則長期以來已在我國的外交政策中發揮顯著的作用，也理應如此。但正如讚揚美國民主的亞歷克斯·德·托克維爾（Alex de Tocqueville）所描述的那樣，民主國家容易在日常喧嘩中失焦。每隔一段時間，我們必須退後一步去省視我們今日之所在，過去之經歷，並認真思考未來之方向是否正確。因此，我很高興今天宣布成立「不可剝奪權利委員會」。

The commission is composed of human rights experts, philosophers, and activists, Republicans, Democrats, and Independents of varied background and beliefs, who will provide me with advice on human rights grounded in our nation’s founding principles and the principles of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights.  An American commitment to uphold human rights played a major role in transforming the moral landscape of the international relations after World War II, something all Americans can rightly be proud of. Under the leadership of Eleanor Roosevelt, the 1948 Universal Declaration on Human Rights ended forever the notion that nations could abuse their citizens without attracting notice or repercussions.

該委員會由人權專家，哲學家和活動家，共和黨人，民主黨人，和具有不同背景和信仰的獨立人士組成，他們將根據我國的建國原則和〈1948年世界宣言〉的原則，向我提供有關人權的建議。美國對維護人權的承諾，在改變第二次世界大戰後國際關係的道德景觀方面，發揮了重要作用，美國人可以為此感到自豪的。在羅斯福夫人的領導下，〈1948年世界人權宣言〉永遠終結了國家可以苛虐其人民而不受批評或反擊的妄念。

With the indispensable support of President Ronald Reagan, a human rights revolution toppled the totalitarian regimes of the former Soviet Union.  Today the language of human rights has become the common vernacular for discussions of human freedom and dignity all around the world, and these are truly great achievements.

在雷根總統不可或缺的支持下，人權革命推翻了前蘇聯的極權主義政權。今天，人權已經成為世界各地討論人類自由和尊嚴的共同話語，這些確實都是偉大的成就。

But we should never lose sight of the warnings of Vaclav Havel, a hero of the late-20th-century human rights movement, that words like “rights” can be used for good or evil; “they can be rays of light in a realm of darkness … [but] they can also be lethal arrows.”  And as Rabbi Jonathan Sacks has observed, the evils of any time and place will be justified in whatever is the dominant discourse of that time and of that place.  We must, therefore, be vigilant that human rights discourse not be corrupted or hijacked or used for dubious or malignant purposes.

但是，我們永遠不應忽視20世紀晚期，人權運動的英雄瓦茨拉夫·哈維爾（Vaclav Havel）的警告，「權利」這樣的話術可善可惡：「它們可以是黑暗世界中的光線...... [但]它們也可能是致命的箭頭。」正如猶太拉比喬納森薩克斯（Jonathan Sacks ）所觀察到的那樣，邪惡在任何時間、地點，都可能在主宰該時空背景的語彙中，搖身一變而成為正義。因此，我們必須時時警惕，人權語彙不得被篡改、挾持，或因曖昧或惡意之目的被盜用。

It’s a sad commentary on our times that more than 70 years after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, gross violations continue throughout the world, sometimes even in the name of human rights.  International institutions designed and built to protect human rights have drifted from their original mission.  As human rights claims have proliferated, some claims have come into tension with one another, provoking questions and clashes about which rights are entitled to gain respect. Nation-states and international institutions remain confused about their respective responsibilities concerning human rights.

在〈世界人權宣言〉發表70多年後，世界各地的嚴重侵權行為繼續發生，有時甚至以人權為名，這是我們時代的悲哀。為保護人權而設立的國際機構，已脫離其最初的使命。隨著人權主張的擴散，有些主張互相扞格，引發了哪些權利該受尊重的問題和衝突。國家和國際機構仍然對各自在人權方面的責任感到困惑。

With that as background and with all of this in mind, the time is right for an informed review of the role of human rights in American foreign policy.  And I’m pleased to introduce to you today the chair of the commission, Professor Mary Ann Glendon, the Learned Hand Professor of Law at Harvard Law School.  Mary Ann is a world-renowned author, beloved professor, an expert in the field of human rights, comparative law, and political theory.  She’s the perfect person to chair this effort.

以此為背景，並謹記這一切，現在該是對人權在美國外交政策中的作用，進行明達廣博的審視的時候了。我很高興今天向您介紹該委員會主席，哈佛法學院法律學教授Mary Ann Glendon教授。瑪麗安是世界著名的作家，備受敬愛的教授，也是人權、比較法學、和政治學領域的專家。她是主持這項工作的最佳人選。

I’m also proud to announce today the other members of the commission. They include Russell Berman, Peter Berkowitz, Paolo Carozza, Hamza Yusuf Hanson, Jacqueline Rivers, Meir Soloveichik, Katrina Lantos Swett, Christopher Tollefsen, and David Tse-Chien Pan.

我也備感光榮，宣布委員會的其他成員。其中包括Russell Berman，Peter Berkowitz，Paolo Carozza，Hamza Yusuf Hanson，Jacqueline Rivers，Meir Soloveichik，Katrina Lantos Swett，Christopher Tollefsen和David Tse-Chien Pan。

These individuals will provide the intellectual grist for what I hope will be one of the most profound reexaminations of the unalienable rights in the world since the 1948 Universal Declaration.  Our own Kiron Skinner will serve as the head of the executive secretary of the committee, and Cartright Weiland will serve as Rapporteur.

我希望這些人將為知識分子提供自〈1948年世界人權宣言〉以來，對世界上不可剝奪的權利，進行最深刻的重新審視。我們內部的Kiron Skinner將擔任委員會執行秘書長，Cartright Weiland將擔任特派調查員。

I hope that the commission will revisit the most basic of questions: What does it mean to say or claim that something is, in fact, a human right?  How do we know or how do we determine whether that claim that this or that is a human right, is it true, and therefore, ought it to be honored?  How can there be human rights, rights we possess not as privileges we are granted or even earn, but simply by virtue of our humanity belong to us?  Is it, in fact, true, as our Declaration of Independence asserts, that as human beings, we – all of us, every member of our human family – are endowed by our creator with certain unalienable rights?

我希望委員會能夠重新審視最基本的問題：宣稱某物是人權，到底是什麼意思？我們如何知道或如何判定，某物是人權的主張，是否屬實，從而應該被尊重？怎麼會有所謂的人權，不是被授予或自己爭取來的特權，而是我們天生就該擁有的權利？是否正如〈美國獨立宣言〉所宣稱的那樣，作為人類，我們—所有的人、人類大家庭的每一個成員—都被造物主賦予某些不可剝奪的權利？

Each of these is an important question, and the mission of the commission is to provide advice on them and others not as purely abstract academic matters, but in a manner deeply informed by the timeless truths embedded in the American founding with a view to guiding our nation’s foreign policy.  Or to put it another way, the commission’s charge is to point the way toward that more perfect fidelity to our nation’s founding principles to which President Lincoln called us at Gettysburg and to which Dr. King called us while standing in front of the Lincoln Memorial on the mall in Washington, D.C., not so very far from where we are here today.

這些都是重要的問題，委員會的使命是：對這些及其他問題提出建議，不是當作純粹抽象的學術問題，而是透徹通達美國建國所包含的永恆真理，以指導我們國家的外交政策。換句話說，委員會的職責是，指向一條更忠於我國建國原則的道路，林肯總統在蓋茨堡演講中以這些原則鼓舞我們，金恩博士也曾站在離此不遠的林肯紀念堂前廣場前，以此鼓舞我們。

Thank you. With that, I’d like to introduce Professor Mary Ann Glendon to say a few words.

謝謝大家。我想介紹一下Mary Ann Glendon教授，請她說幾句話。

PROFESSOR GLENDON:  Mr. Secretary, I am deeply grateful for the honor of chairing this new commission, and I wanted to thank you especially for giving a priority to human rights at this moment when basic human rights are being misunderstood by many, manipulated by many, and ignored by the world’s worst human rights violators.  At the same time, I understand that the mission that you have set us is a challenging one.  You’ve asked us to work at the level of principle, not policy, and you’ve asked us to take our bearings from the distinctive rights tradition of the United States of America, a tradition that is grounded in the institutions without which rights would not be possible: constitutional government and the rule of law.  I want to assure you, Mr. Secretary, that we will do our very best to carry out your marching orders and to do so in a way that will assist you in your difficult task of transmuting principle into policy.  Thank you very much.

部長先生，我非常榮幸能擔任這個新委員會的主席。我特別感謝你，特別是在基本人權被許多人誤解，被許多人操縱，被全球最嚴重的人權侵犯者所忽視的時候。同時，我也明白您為我們所設定的任務，相當具有挑戰性。您要求我們在原則層面，而非政策層面上進行工作，您要求我們從美利堅合眾國獨特的權利傳統中汲取經驗。此傳統深植於憲政與法治，若無憲政與法治，這些權利不可能存在。國務卿先生，我向你保證，我們將盡最大努力執行您的命令，以協助您將原則蛻變為政策的艱鉅任務。非常感謝你。