INTERPOL 的紅色通報

【Comment】

總統貪污與挪用公款（加上先前的濫權、謀殺），會被國際刑警組織發佈全球紅色通報（Red Notice）。

紅色通報不是逮捕令，INTERPOL無權逮捕也無權威命令會員國逮捕；它代表該人已經被某國司法當局或國際刑事法庭發佈逮捕令。紅色通報的目的是找出此人，引渡到有權機關受審。

許多會員國會依據紅色通報而對該人行使臨時逮捕，特別是有雙邊引渡條約者。

巧門是：在INTERPOL服務的該當國警察官員，有權依據本國指令逮捕此人。

可惜台灣不是會員（卻有某種聯繫），ROC的會員從1961-1984。

但馬的國籍身分，倒成了另一扇窗。
http://www.interpol.int/Member-countries/Europe/Andorra

注意到沒？INTERPOL也稱為「憲法」？

INTERPOL issues Red Notices for former Ukrainian leaders○INTERPOL (2015.01.12) http://www.interpol.int/News-and-media/News/2015/N2015-002

LYON, France – At the request of Ukrainian authorities Red Notices, or international wanted persons alerts, have been issued for four individuals including former President Victor Yanukovych and Prime Minister Mykola Azarov.

The Red Notices, for charges including embezzlement and misappropriation, were issued on Monday 12 January 2015 following a thorough review by INTERPOL’s Office of Legal Affairs to ensure that Ukraine’s request for the notices was in compliance with the Organization’s rules and regulations.

Two other Red Notices linked to the case have also been issued for former Minister of Finance Iiuri Kolobov and Georgii Dzekon.

These Red Notices are not connected to a previous request made by Ukraine in March 2014 for a Red Notice to be issued for Victor Yanukovych on charges including abuse of power and murder.  This request was assessed by INTERPOL as not compliant with the Organization’s rules and regulations and was refused.

A Red Notice is not an international arrest warrant and INTERPOL cannot compel any member country to arrest the subject of a Red Notice.

Red Notices are one of the ways in which INTERPOL informs its member countries that an arrest warrant has been issued for an individual by a judicial authority.  A Red Notice seeks the location and arrest of wanted persons with a view to extradition or similar lawful action.

The individuals concerned are wanted by national jurisdictions (or International Criminal Tribunals, where appropriate) and INTERPOL’s role is to assist national police forces in identifying or locating those individuals with a view to their arrest and extradition.

Red Notices are only issued to INTERPOL member countries if the requesting National Central Bureau has provided all the information required by the General Secretariat.

Any request by a member country for INTERPOL to issue a Red Notice is subject to the Organization’s rules and regulations.  This includes Article 3 of INTERPOL’s Constitution, according to which it is ‘strictly forbidden for the organization to undertake any intervention or activities of a political, military, religious or racial character.’  This prohibition is taken extremely seriously by INTERPOL.

Many of INTERPOL’s member countries however, consider a Red Notice a valid request for provisional arrest, especially if they are linked to the requesting country via a bilateral extradition treaty.

INTERPOL’s General Secretariat does not send officers to arrest individuals who are the subject of a Red Notice.  Only the national authorities of the INTERPOL member country where the individual is located have the legal authority to arrest.

In cases where arrests are made based on a Red Notice, these are made by national police officials in INTERPOL member countries.

國際刑警組織全球通緝烏克蘭前總統○BBC (2015.01.12) http://www.bbc.co.uk/zhongwen/trad/world/2015/01/150112_ukraine_yanukovich_interpol

國際刑警組織正式全球通緝逃亡俄羅斯的前烏克蘭總統亞努科維奇。

亞努科維奇被指控貪污價值數以百萬計美元的公款。

烏克蘭民眾在去年年初的一系列大規模抗議示威活動中將前總統亞努科維奇的政府推翻。

俄羅斯指責西方勢力幕後策動了烏克蘭的「政變」，隨即吞併了克里米亞，並在烏克蘭東部支持分離主義勢力與烏克蘭政府軍作戰。

莫斯科方面迄今為止一直否認直接介入了烏克蘭東部的武裝衝突。

以美國和歐盟為首的西方陣營則指責俄羅斯是「幕後黑手」，並對俄羅斯實施了一系列的政治和經濟制裁。